AQA A Level Chemistry Paper 2 June 2017 question paper 7405/2

Figure 1 shows some compounds made from a halogenoalkane.

Draw the displayed formula of compound J.

Name the mechanism for Reaction 2 and give an essential condition used to ensure that CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂ is the major product.

Name of mechanism

Calculate the mass, in grams, of CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂ produced from 25.2 g of CH₃CH₂CH₂Br in Reaction 2 assuming a 75.0% yield.

Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

When Reaction 2 is carried out under different conditions, a compound with molecular formula C₉H₂₁N is produced. Draw the skeletal formula of the compound. Identify the functional group in the compound including its classification.

Skeletal formula

Identify the reagent and conditions used in Reaction 3.

Name and outline a mechanism for Reaction 3.

Name of mechanism

Mechanism

The rate equation for the reaction between compounds A and B is

Figure 2 shows how, in an experiment, the concentration of A changes with time, t, in this reaction.

0 2. Draw a tangent to the curve at t = 0

Use this tangent to deduce the initial rate of the reaction.

Initial rate
mol dm⁻³s⁻¹

The experiment was repeated at the same temperature and with the same initial concentration of B but with a different initial concentration of A. The new initial rate was 1.7 times greater than in the original experiment.

Calculate the new initial concentration of A.

rate = k [ C ][ D ] In one experiment at 25 °C, the initial rate of reaction is 3.1 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹ when the initial concentration of C is 0.48 mol dm⁻³ and the initial concentration

Calculate a value for the rate constant at this temperature and give its units.

An equation that relates the rate constant, k, to the activation energy, E_a, and the temperature, T, is

Use this equation and your answer from Question 3.1 to calculate a value, in kJ mol⁻¹, for the activation energy of this reaction at 25 °C. For this reaction ln A = 16.9 The gas constant R = 8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ (If you were unable to complete Question 3.1 you should use the value of 3.2 10⁻³ for the rate constant. This is not the correct value.)

Give the IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(OH)CN

Describe how you would distinguish between separate samples of the two

Explain why the reaction produces a racemic mixture.

An isomer of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO reacts with KCN followed by dilute acid to form a compound that does not show stereoisomerism.

Draw the structure of the compound formed and justify why it does not show stereoisomerism.

Structure

Justification

Draw a structural formula for the diester C₆H₁₀O₄

A small amount of catalyst was added to a mixture of 0.470 mol of ethanoic acid and 0.205 mol of ethane-1,2-diol.

The mixture was left to reach equilibrium at a constant temperature.

Space for working

Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, K_c, for the reaction.

The total volume of the mixture does not need to be measured to allow a correct value for K_c to be calculated.

Justify this statement.

Expression

A different mixture of ethanoic acid, ethane-1,2-diol and water was prepared and left to reach equilibrium at a different temperature from the experiment in Question 5.2

The amounts present in the new equilibrium mixture are shown in Table 2.

The value of K_c was 6.45 at this different temperature.

Use this value and the data in Table 2 to calculate the amount, in mol, of ethanoic acid present in the new equilibrium mixture. Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

Amount of ethanoic acid
mol

This question is about amino acids and peptide (amide) links.

Draw the structure of the zwitterion formed by phenylalanine.

Draw the structure of serine at high pH.

Draw the structures of both dipeptides formed when phenylalanine reacts with serine.

In each structure show all the atoms and bonds in the amide link.

An amide link is also formed when an acyl chloride reacts with a primary amine.

Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction between CH₃CH₂COCl and

Give the IUPAC name of the organic product.

Name of mechanism

Mechanism

IUPAC name of organic product

You are provided with samples of each of the four compounds.

Describe how you could distinguish between all four compounds using the minimum number of tests on each compound.

You should describe what would be observed in each test.

Nitrobenzene reacts when heated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to form a mixture of three isomeric dinitrobenzenes.

Write an equation for the reaction of concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid to form the species that reacts with nitrobenzene.

Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction of this species with nitrobenzene to form 1,3-dinitrobenzene.

Name of mechanism

Mechanism

The dinitrobenzenes shown were investigated by thin layer chromatography

In an experiment, carried out in a fume cupboard, a concentrated solution of pure 1,4-dinitrobenzene was spotted on a TLC plate coated with a solid that contains polar bonds. Hexane was used as the solvent in a beaker with a lid.

The start line, drawn in pencil, the final position of the spot and the final solvent front are shown on the chromatogram in Figure 3

Use the chromatogram in Figure 3 to deduce the R_f value of 1,4-dinitrobenzene in this experiment.

Tick (✓) one box.

State in general terms what determines the distance travelled by a spot in TLC.

To obtain the chromatogram, the TLC plate was held by the edges and placed in the solvent in the beaker in the fume cupboard. The lid was then replaced on the beaker.

Give one other practical requirement when placing the plate in the beaker.

A second TLC experiment was carried out using 1,2-dinitrobenzene and 1,4-dinitrobenzene. An identical plate to that in Question 8.3 was used under the same conditions with the same solvent. In this experiment, the R_f value of 1,4-dinitrobenzene was found to be greater than that of 1,2-dinitrobenzene.

Deduce the relative polarities of the 1,2-dinitrobenzene and 1,4-dinitrobenzene and explain why 1,4-dinitrobenzene has the greater R_f value.

Relative polarities

Explanation

A third TLC experiment was carried out using 1,2-dinitrobenzene. An identical plate to that in Question 8.3 was used under the same conditions, but the solvent used contained a mixture of hexane and ethyl ethanoate.

A student stated that the R_f value of 1,2-dinitrobenzene in this third experiment would be greater than that of 1,2-dinitrobenzene in the experiment in Question 8.6

Is the student correct? Justify your answer.

DNA exists as two strands of nucleotides in the form of a double helix with hydrogen bonding between the two strands.

A deoxyribose molecule in a strand of DNA is shown.

Name the types of group attached to 2-deoxyribose at positions X and Y.

In the DNA double helix, adenine is linked by hydrogen bonds to a molecule in the other strand of DNA.

Complete the diagram below to show the other molecule and the hydrogen bonds between it and adenine.

Give the full IUPAC name of isomer P.

A sample of P was mixed with an excess of oxygen and the mixture ignited. After cooling to the original temperature, the total volume of gas remaining was

When this gas mixture was passed through aqueous sodium hydroxide, the carbon dioxide reacted and the volume of gas decreased to 155 cm³

Both gas volumes were measured at 25 °C and 105 kPa

Write an equation for the combustion of P in an excess of oxygen and calculate the mass, in mg, of P used.

The gas constant R = 8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

Mass of P used mg

Isomer Q (C₆H₁₀O₂) is a cyclic compound. The infrared spectrum of Q is shown in Figure 4 and the¹³C NMR spectrum of Q is shown in Figure 5.

Use these spectra and Tables A and C in the Data Booklet to deduce the structure of Q. In your answer, state one piece of evidence you have used from each spectrum.

Structure of Q.

Evidence from Figure 4

Evidence from Figure 5

Isomers R and S are shown.

Although the¹³C spectra of R and S both show the same number of peaks, the spectra can be used to distinguish between the isomers.

Justify this statement using Table C from the Data Booklet.

Give the number of peaks for each isomer.

Justification

Although the¹H spectra of R and S both show the same number of peaks, the spectra can be used to distinguish between the isomers.

Justify this statement using the splitting patterns of the peaks.

Give the number of peaks for each isomer.

Justification

The action of heat on 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid can lead to two different products.

On gentle heating, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid loses water to form a cyclic

Under different conditions, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid forms a polyester.

Draw the structure of T.

Draw the repeating unit of the polyester and name the type of polymerisation.

Structure of T

Repeating unit of polyester

Type of polymerisation

Isomer U is shown.

The polymer formed by U and the polymer formed by 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid in Question 10.6 both contain ester groups that can be hydrolysed.

Draw the repeating unit of the polymer formed by U.

Justify the statement that, although both polymer structures contain ester groups, the polymer formed by U is not biodegradable.

Repeating unit of polymer formed by U.

Justification

Amines E, F and G are weak bases.

Explain the difference in base strength of the three amines and give the order of increasing base strength.

Amine F can be prepared in a three-step synthesis starting from methylbenzene.

Suggest the structures of the two intermediate compounds.

For each step, give reagents and conditions only. Equations and mechanisms are not required.