Question 1
[2 marks]
Answer
[2 marks]
With the help of a diagram, explain how cheaper transportation and a construction boom in East Asia have led to growth in the market for sand.
[9 marks]
answer correct to the nearest penny.
[2 marks]
With the help of a diagram, explain why breaking up a natural monopoly in rail may affect long-run average costs.
[9 marks]
Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to evaluate the case for renationalising railways in the UK.
[25 marks]
market failures
OR
Essay 2
Several loss-making retailers including Homebase, House of Fraser and Poundworld have had to decide whether to shut down operations or carry on while making losses. In contrast, the music-streaming firm Spotify was valued at $27 billion in 2018, despite never having made a profit in any year since it was founded. Spotify has been more focused on expanding market share.
[25 marks]
OR
Essay 3
‘Each time the Government imposes a minimum price or wage, the result is almost always excess supply. What matters is the extent to which this is a problem.’
[25 marks]
The paper as printed
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