Edexcel A Level Geography Paper 3 November 2020 question paper 9GE0/03

Explain the differences between colonial and neo-colonial mechanisms of maintaining power.

Table 1 below shows data for the level of development of the 38 members of the United Nations that are landlocked countries.

A Chi-squared test was used to establish if there is an association between being landlocked and the level of development. Two hypotheses were set up:

There is no significant association between the level of development and being landlocked.

Alternative hypothesis:

There is a significant association between the level of development and being landlocked.

Using the formula and the data in Table 1 below calculate the value of χ²

Show your working.

Study Figures 1, 2, 3a and 3b in Section A of the Resource Booklet.

Analyse the evidence that the trade profile of Latin America might hinder its development.

Study Figure 4 and Figure 5 in Section A of the Resource Booklet.

Analyse the relationship between inequalities and the level of social and economic development.

Study the resources in Section B of the Resource Booklet.

Evaluate the view that economic development based on natural resources inevitably leads to environmental degradation (destruction).

You should have read the whole of the Resource Booklet, including Sections C and D, before attempting this question.

Evaluate the view that Latin American countries cannot develop whilst the USA remains the dominant global superpower.