AQA GCE AS Level Physics AS Paper 1 June 2016 question paper 7407/1

Figure 1 shows a jet engine.

Air enters the engine at A and is heated before leaving B at a much higher speed.

State what happens to the momentum of the air as it passes through the engine.

Explain, using appropriate laws of motion, why the air exerts a force on the engine in the forward direction.

In one second a mass of 210 kg of air enters at A. The speed of this mass of air increases by 570 m s^–1 as it passes through the engine.

Calculate the force that the air exerts on the engine.

When an aircraft lands, its jet engines exert a decelerating force on the aircraft by making use of deflector plates. These cause the air leaving the engines to be deflected at an angle to the direction the aircraft is travelling as shown in Figure 2.

The speed of the air leaving B is the same as the speed of the deflected air.

Explain why the momentum of the air changes.

The total horizontal decelerating force exerted on the deflector plates of the jet engines is 190 kN.

Calculate the deceleration of the aircraft when it has a mass of 7.0 × 10⁴ kg.

deceleration = ____________________ m s^–2

The aircraft lands on the runway travelling at a speed of 68 m s^–1 with the deflector plates acting.

Calculate the distance the aircraft travels along the runway until it comes to rest. You may assume that the decelerating force acting on the jet engines remains constant.

Suggest why in practice the decelerating force provided by the deflector plates may not remain constant.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a microwave oven.

A student wants to use the stationary waves formed in the microwave oven to measure the frequency of the microwaves emitted by the transmitter.

Suggest how stationary waves are formed in the microwave oven.

The student removes the turntable and places a bar of chocolate on the floor of the oven. He then switches the oven on for about one minute. When the chocolate is removed the student observes that there are three small patches of melted chocolate with unmelted chocolate between them. Figure 4 is a full- sized diagram of the chocolate bar.

Suggest why the chocolate only melts in the positions shown.

Calculate, by making suitable measurements on Figure 4, the frequency of the microwaves used by the oven.

Explain why most microwave ovens contain a rotating turntable on which the food is placed during cooking.

Figure 5 shows the tensile stress–tensile strain graphs for four materials, A, B, C and D, up to their breaking stress.

State what is meant by tensile stress and tensile strain.

Identify a property of material A using evidence from the graph to support your choice.

A cylindrical specimen of material A under test has a diameter of 1.5 × 10^–4 m and a breaking stress of 1.3 GPa.

Calculate the tensile force acting on the specimen at its breaking point.

A wire probe is used to measure the rate of corrosion in a pipe carrying a corrosive liquid. The probe is made from the same metal as the pipe. Figure 6 shows the probe. The rate of corrosion of the wire in the probe is the same as in the pipe.

The wire in an unused probe has a resistance of 0.070 Ω and a length of 0.50 m

Calculate the diameter of the wire.

resistivity of metal in the wire = 9.7 × 10^–8 Ω m

In order to measure the resistance of a used working probe, it is connected in the circuit shown in Figure 7.

When R₃ is adjusted to a particular value the current in the cell is 0.66 A.

Calculate the total resistance of the circuit. You may assume that the cell has a negligible internal resistance.

The resistance of R₂ is 22 Ω and the resistance of R₃ is 1.2 Ω.

Calculate the resistance of the probe when the resistance of R₁ is 2.4 Ω.

Calculate the percentage change in the diameter of the probe when its resistance increases by 1.6 %.

A voltmeter is connected between points A and B in the circuit and R₃ stays at 1.2 Ω.

Explain, without calculation, why the reading on the voltmeter does not change when the cell in the circuit is replaced with another cell of the same emf but a significant internal resistance.

Figure 8 shows a photocell which uses the photoelectric effect to provide a current in an external circuit.

Electromagnetic radiation is incident on the photoemissive surface.

Explain why there is a current only if the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation is above a certain value.

State and explain the effect on the current when the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation is increased.

A student investigates the properties of the photocell. The student uses a source of electromagnetic radiation of fixed frequency and observes that there is a current in the external circuit. The student then connects a variable voltage supply so the positive terminal is connected to the electrode with a photoemissive surface and the negative terminal is connected to the wire electrode. As the student increases the supply voltage, the current decreases and eventually becomes zero. The minimum voltage at which this happens is called the stopping potential. The student’s new circuit is shown in Figure 9.

The photoemissive surface has a work function of 2.1 eV. The frequency of the electromagnetic radiation the student uses is 7.23 × 10¹⁴ Hz.

Calculate the maximum kinetic energy, in J, of the electrons emitted from the photoemissive surface.

Use your answer from Question 5.3 to calculate the stopping potential for the photoemissive surface.

The student increases the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation.

Explain the effect this has on the stopping potential.

State what is meant by isotopes.

Explain why two photons are formed instead of a single photon when a helium nucleus annihilates with the anti-helium nucleus.

Complete this equation for the possible decay of an antineutron.

What interaction would be responsible for the decay in Question 6.4 ? Tick (✓) the correct answer in the right-hand column.