Jamal is listening to the radio.
He can hear a musical instrument playing a steady note.
What type of wave is the sound that Jamal hears?
electromagnetic longitudinal radio transverse
[1]
The sound waves that Jamal hears have a frequency of 400 Hz and a wavelength of 0.84 m.
Calculate the speed of the sound waves.
Use the equation: wave speed = frequency 
wavelength
[2]
The diagram shows the inside of a three-pin plug.
Put a tick (✓) in the correct box in each row to show the correct descriptions of the live, neutral and earth wires.
[2]
[1]
Batteries supply direct current (d.c).
Another type of current is alternating current (a.c).
Each statement in the table below may be true about d.c, or true about a.c, or true for both d.c and a.c.
Put a tick (✓) in the correct box in each row.
[2]
Alex is planning his journey to school.
Alex usually walks to school.
Which is the most likely speed at which Alex walks?
0.12 m/s 1.2 m/s 12 m/s 120 m/s
[1]
[1]
In the end Alex decides to cycle to school.
The graph shows the first part of this journey.
Put a tick (✓) in the one correct box in each row.
[2]
Calculate the acceleration in section A of the journey.
Use the equation: acceleration = change in speed ÷ time
[3]
Eve has a mass of 23 kg.
Calculate Eve’s weight.
Gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
[3]
The figure shows Li and Mia balanced on a see-saw.
Mia weighs 200 N.
Calculate the moment of Mia’s weight about the centre of the see-saw.
Moment =........ N m
[3]
Li weighs 250 N.
To balance Mia as shown in the diagram, he needs to sit at a distance d from the centre of the see-saw.
Calculate the distance d.
[3]
Jane sees the reflection of the light bulb in her bathroom mirror.
Complete the diagram to show the path taken by the reflected light.
[2]
Jane fills the bath with hot water. The mirror ‘steams-up’ and is now covered in tiny drops of water. This makes the surface of the mirror look white.
Jane says, ‘The water on the mirror came from the bath’.
Explain how this happened.
[2]
Explain why the water droplets covering the mirror make it look white.
[2]
Ali hangs a spring next to a ruler with a centimetre scale, as shown in the diagram A.
He attaches a 20 newton (N) weight to the bottom of the spring.
The spring stretches as shown in B.
What is the correct extension (in metres) of the spring in diagram B ?
0.05 m 0.15 m 0.25 m 0.35 m
[1]
Show that the spring constant is 400 N/m.
[3]
Calculate the energy stored in the spring when it is stretched as in (a).
[3]
When Ali adds another 20 N weight, the extension doubles.
Describe the relationship between force and extension.
[1]
Ali pulls the spring in diagram B downwards a further 2 cm and then lets go.
Describe what happens to the energy stored in the spring when Ali lets go.
[3]
Some smoke alarms contain the radioactive isotope americium-241.
Americium-241 can be represented as
[1]
[1]
Two students investigate the radiation emitted by americium-241.
The diagram shows their equipment.
They recorded the number of counts detected in one minute with different blocking materials.
The table shows their results.
| Blocking material | Counts per minute |
| nothing (just air) | 620 |
| paper | 23 |
| thin aluminium | 23 |
The students agree that americium-241 emits alpha radiation but not beta radiation.
Explain how the evidence supports this conclusion.
[2]
They cannot tell from their results whether americium-241 emits gamma radiation.
What should they do to decide whether the source emits gamma radiation?
[2]
In fact, americium-241 emits both alpha radiation and gamma radiation.
Evaluate how dangerous it is to have a small amount of americium-241 in a smoke alarm.
[2]
Sundip builds a circuit to investigate a mystery component.
She builds this circuit. The mystery component is the box labelled Y.
[1]
Describe how to use component X to vary the current in the circuit.
[2]
The table shows Sundip’s results.
| Potential difference (V) | Current (A) | Resistance ( ) |
| 1.0 | 0.68 | 1.47 |
| 2.0 | 0.93 | 2.15 |
| 3.0 | 1.13 | 2.65 |
| 4.0 | 1.30 | 3.08 |
| 5.0 | 1.45 | 3.45 |
| 6.0 | 1.59 |
Calculate the resistance when the potential difference is 6.0 V. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
[4]
Describe the relationship between current and resistance.
[1]
Suggest what component Y is.
Explain your answer.
Component Y is........
Explanation........
[2]
The diagram shows the field around a bar magnet. Three points are labelled A, B and C.
[1]
[1]
The bar magnet can pick up paper clips.
An iron bar can also pick up paper clips if it is held next to a bar magnet.
Describe the difference in magnetism between the bar magnet and the iron bar.
[1]
[2]
Ben investigates how much radiation is absorbed by different coloured surfaces.
He uses two thermometers and a lamp.
He paints one thermometer black and the other thermometer silver and places them under the
He records how the temperature of each thermometer changes over four minutes.
The graph shows his results.
Describe similarities and differences between the results for the black thermometer and the silver thermometer.
Similarities........
Differences........
[3]
Explain the results of the experiment.
[2]
Identify a weakness with Ben’s method and suggest how it could be improved using information from the diagram or from the graph.
[2]
Nina is writing a report about the Solar System.
She has written an introduction.
Identify two mistakes in Nina’s introduction.
[2]
Nina wants to include a section about how the Solar System was formed.
Describe how the Solar System was formed.
[2]
Nina researches how the Sun releases energy. She finds this information in a textbook.
The Sun releases energy by nuclear fusion. The Sun emits about 4 × 1026 J of energy every second. As a result, its mass falls by about 4 billion kilograms every second.
Explain why nuclear fusion causes the mass of the Sun to decrease.
[1]
A toothbrush uses a rechargeable battery.
The energy that is stored in the battery comes from a power station.
State how the energy is transferred from the power station to the chemical store in the battery.
[1]
The potential difference across the battery is 1.2 V.
During a typical use, 360 C of charge moves though the toothbrush motor over a time of 2 minutes.
Calculate the total energy transferred by the toothbrush in one day if it is used two times a day.
[3]
Calculate the current in the toothbrush when used for 2 minutes each time.
[4]
The diagram shows a common type of electric heater. It contains oil which is heated by an electrical
The table shows some information about the heater.
| Electrical power | 1500 W |
| Voltage rating | 230 V |
| Specific heat capacity of oil | 1600 J / kg °C |
| Mass of oil | 4.5 kg |
Show that more than 700 000 J of energy is needed to heat the oil from 20 °C to 120 °C.
Use the equation: change in internal energy = mass 
specific heat capacity 
change in temperature
[2]
Use your answer to (a) to calculate the minimum time for the oil to reach a temperature of 120 °C, starting at 20 °C.
[3]
In practice, it will take longer than this for the heater to reach 120 °C.
State the reason for this.
[1]
The paper as printed
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