Discrimination in the labour market

Table 7 shows four situations in which one group of workers earns less than another and states the reason given by employers.

Which one is the best example of wage discrimination?

Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate how much a worker of Bangladeshi ethnicity earned on average in 2018, given that a White British worker earned £28 677. Give your answer to the nearest pound.

Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that the ethnic pay gap is more significant for older ethnic minority employees.

Extract F (lines 18–19) states: the Government ‘could also take steps to recognise foreign qualifications, thus removing obstacles for well-qualified foreign-born workers.’

With the help of a diagram, explain how UK firms not recognising foreign qualifications may lead to some ethnic groups receiving lower pay.

Extract E (lines 3–4) states: ‘significant pay gaps remain, even when education and occupation are taken into account, particularly for those born outside the UK.’

Using the extracts and your knowledge of economics, evaluate possible government policies to reduce the ethnic pay gap.

Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate the mean female labour force participation rate for the five countries listed. Give your answer to one decimal place.

Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that the degree of inequality between the pay of male and female workers is falling.

Extract F (lines 19–20) notes that ‘The UK Government recognises the need to raise aspirations and attainment for girls’.

Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to evaluate the policies that government might use to reduce the gender pay gap.