AQA A Level History Breadth Study: Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855-1964 June 2023 question paper 7042/1H

Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three extracts are in relation to the reasons for the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.

‘Alexander II’s attempts at reform, in the years 1855 to 1881, were half-hearted and ineffective.’

Assess the validity of this view.

‘Lenin’s and Stalin’s agricultural policies, in the years 1917 to 1941, were an economic success but a social failure.’

Assess the validity of this view.

In the years 1945 to 1964, to what extent was internal opposition to both Stalin and Khrushchev a threat to their authority?