South Africa: from apartheid state to ‘rainbow nation’

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate attitudes towards the education of black South African children in the 1950s?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

How significant was the threat posed to the South African Government by African nationalists in the years 1961–68?

How accurate is it to say that opposition to apartheid was strengthened throughout the years 1968–83?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the consequences of the Sharpeville Massacre (21 March 1960)?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

5 ‘It was the growth of Afrikaner nationalism that was principally responsible for the election victory of the National Party in 1948.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How significant was the release of Nelson Mandela from prison in enabling a political settlement to be reached in South Africa in the years 1989–94?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the importance of F W de Klerk in the process of dismantling apartheid in 1990?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

5 ‘In the years 1948–61, the weaknesses of African nationalism were more significant than the strengths of the National Party in explaining the failure of opposition to apartheid.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1968–83, the power of the National Party was seriously undermined?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the significance of the Soweto Uprising?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

How accurate is it to say that the Treason Trial (1956–61) was the most significant challenge faced by the anti-apartheid movement in the years 1948–61?

6 ‘It was principally the economic recovery that strengthened apartheid in the years 1961–68.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the significance of the Rivonia Trial?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

5 ‘The impact of the Black Consciousness Movement posed the most significant threat to the National Party’s control in South Africa in the years 1968–78.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is it to say that the role of international pressure, in the years 1983–91, was the most crucial factor in bringing about the end of apartheid?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the significance of South Africa’s withdrawal from the Commonwealth in March 1961?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the significance of South Africa’s withdrawal from the Commonwealth in March 1961?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1948–60, the National Party fully implemented the policy of apartheid in South Africa?

How accurate is it to say that, in the years 1948–60, the National Party fully implemented the policy of apartheid in South Africa?

6 ‘Internal opposition was more significant than external pressures in weakening the position of the National Party in the years 1974–87.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

6 ‘Internal opposition was more significant than external pressures in weakening the position of the National Party in the years 1974–87.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the use of international sanctions as a means of achieving change in South Africa in the 1980s?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

5 ‘The system of apartheid was never seriously challenged by the ANC in the years 1948-68.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is it to say that the main obstacle to a new political settlement in South Africa, in the years 1991-94, was opposition from white South Africans?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate responses to the death of Steve Biko?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

5 ‘The National Party was able to implement apartheid legislation, in the years 1948-59, because of the weakness of opposition to it.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How accurate is it to say that P W Botha’s attempts to reform the system of apartheid, in the years 1983-89, were a complete failure?

Study Sources 3 and 4 in the Sources Booklet before you answer this question.

How far could the historian make use of Sources 3 and 4 together to investigate the problems facing South Africa in the transition of its system of government in the early 1990s?

Explain your answer, using both sources, the information given about them and your own knowledge of the historical context.

5 ‘The increasing use of violence by anti-apartheid groups in South Africa, in the years 1960–68, was a reaction to the use of repression by the government.’

How far do you agree with this statement?

How significant was the role played by leading individuals in challenging the apartheid policies of the National Party in the years 1968–83?