Nuclear radius and density

What is the radius of a carbon nucleus that has 6 protons and 7 neutrons?

Assume that the average radius of a nucleon r₀ is 1.2 fm.

A 2.2 fm

B 2.3 fm

C 2.8 fm

D 1.6 fm

Your answer

A pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits radio waves.

Describe the formation of a neutron star.

State one characteristic of a neutron star.

An astronomer uses a radio telescope to observe a pulsar.

The graph below shows the power that the telescope receives due to the radio waves from one full rotation of a pulsar.

By calculating the area between the curve and the horizontal axis, estimate the total energy received by the telescope in one full rotation of the pulsar.

The surface area of the telescope is about 3000 m². (ii)

The distance to the pulsar is about 300 pc.

By assuming that the radiation from the pulsar is emitted equally in all directions, estimate the total energy emitted in one full rotation.

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen. A nucleus of deuterium has a proton and a neutron.

Describe the nature and range of the two forces acting between these two hadrons.

The half-life of the isotope carbon-14 is 5700 years (y).

Carbon-dating is a technique used to date an ancient wooden axe. The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in the axe material is 78% of the current ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in a living tree.

Calculate the age in years of the wooden axe.

State one assumption made in the calculation in (ii).

Describe the nature of the strong nuclear force.

Name a hadron found in the nucleus of an atom and state its quark combination.

name of hadron:........ quark combination:........

Write a decay equation in terms of a quark model for beta-minus decay.