AQA A Level Psychology Paper 2: Psychology in Context June 2022 question paper 7182/2

Describe psychosexual stages as outlined in the psychodynamic approach.

At a local school, teachers took part in Active Lifestyle Week to encourage students to become more active. The week involved daily staff netball matches during breaktimes and a step count challenge.

Two of the teachers were talking at the end of the week. Miss Honey said, “That was such a great week! I felt proud to win the staff step count challenge and receive the medal in assembly and demonstrate the joy of sport. My students loved watching us compete, I really think it will inspire them to be more active themselves!”

Mrs Wilson replied, “It’s alright for you, you’re young and the students like you. My students were so embarrassed to see me tripping over in netball. I think I may have put them off sport forever!”

Apart from mediational processes, use your knowledge of social learning theory to explain Miss Honey’s and Mrs Wilson’s comments.

Whether or not students learn to be more active could depend on mediational processes.

Explain how mediational processes might be involved in the students becoming more active.

Discuss self-actualisation and/or conditions of worth in explaining human behaviour.

Which of the following neurons carries electrical impulses towards the brain?

Shade one box only.

A Interneuron

B Motor neuron

C Relay neuron

D Sensory neuron

Which one of the following is not a way of studying the brain?

Shade one box only.

A Electrocardiogram (ECG)

B Electroencephalogram (EEG)

C Event-related potentials (ERPs)

D Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Describe the divisions of the nervous system.

Discuss localisation of function in the brain.

A controlled observation was designed to compare the social behaviours of pre-school children of working parents and pre-school children of stay-at-home parents. The sample consisted of 100 children aged three, who were observed separately. Half of the children had working parents and the other half had stay-at-home parents.

The observation took place in a room which looked like a nursery, with a variety of toys available. In the room, there were four children and one supervising adult. Their behaviour was not recorded.

Each child participant was brought into the room and settled by their parent. The parent then left to sit outside. Each child participant’s behaviour was observed covertly for five minutes while they played in the room.

The observation was conducted in a controlled environment and a standardised script was used when the children and their parents arrived.

Explain why the researcher used a controlled observation and a standardised script in this study.

Identify one limitation of controlled observations.

The researcher used two trained observers to record the social behaviours of each child during the observation.

Give two behavioural categories that the observers could have used in the observation to assess the pre-school children’s social behaviour. Explain why your chosen categories are appropriate.

Describe how the observers could use time sampling to record the social behaviour of each child during the five-minute period.

Explain one strength and one limitation of using time sampling for this observation.

Explain how the reliability of the controlled observation could be assessed through inter-observer reliability.

The data from the observation was summarised by converting the number of agreed observations into a total social behaviour score for each child.

The researcher then conducted a statistical test to identify whether there was a significant difference between the social behaviour scores for the children of stay-at-home parents and those of working parents.

Identify an appropriate statistical test that the researcher could use to analyse the social behaviour scores in this study. Explain three reasons for your choice in the context of this study.

Explain one reason why collecting quantitative data could reduce the validity of this study.

The findings of this study might have implications for the economy.

Explain one or more possible implications of this study for the economy.

This study was written up as a scientific report.

Describe features of the abstract section in a scientific report.

A new TV programme has been developed to increase positive social behaviours in pre-school children.

There is a proposal to carry out an experiment to compare the effects of the new TV programme and an existing TV programme, on positive social behaviours in pre-school children.

A sample of 500 pre-school children and their parents is available for the experiment. The parents have given consent for their children to take part in this experiment.

The experiment will take place over an 8-week period. Data on the children’s social behaviours will be gathered from the parents using a self-report method.

Design the experiment to investigate whether watching the new TV programme leads to an increase in positive social behaviours in the children, compared with watching the existing TV programme.

In your answer you will gain credit for providing appropriate details of the following:

• the type of experimental design, with justification

• a self-report method of data collection, with justification

• how to control one extraneous variable, with justification as to why this would need to be controlled.