Explanations for nicotine addiction

Which one of the following best explains the role of cue reactivity in addiction?

Write the correct letter in your answer book.

A Where a craving for nicotine acts as primary reinforcer in certain environmental conditions.

B Where a craving for nicotine acts as secondary reinforcer in certain environmental conditions.

C Where an association is formed so that a primary reinforcer elicits cravings for nicotine.

D Where an association is formed so that a secondary reinforcer elicits cravings for nicotine.

Which one of the following best explains the role of dopamine in nicotine addiction?

Write the correct letter in your answer book.

A Nicotine increases dopamine action in the brain, inhibiting the reward pathway leading to feelings of euphoria.

B Nicotine increases dopamine action in the brain, stimulating the reward pathway leading to feelings of euphoria.

C Nicotine reduces dopamine action in the brain, inhibiting the reward pathway leading to feelings of euphoria.

D Nicotine reduces dopamine action in the brain, stimulating the reward pathway leading to feelings of euphoria.

Describe cue reactivity as an explanation for nicotine addiction.

Evaluate cue reactivity as an explanation for nicotine addiction.

Describe and evaluate one or more of the following explanations for nicotine addiction: brain neurochemistry, learning theory.

Describe how brain neurochemistry is involved in nicotine addiction.

Briefly explain how dopamine is involved in nicotine addiction.