OCR GCSE Biology B (21st Century) Depth in Biology Foundation November 2021 question paper J257/02

The health of humans can be affected by disease.

Draw lines to connect each disease with the correct type of pathogen that causes it.

Tuberculosis is a disease in humans. It is caused by the same type of pathogen that causes Salmonella food poisoning.

Suggest what type of pathogen causes tuberculosis.

Blood cells in the human body help to protect us against pathogens.

Which type of blood cell makes antibodies?

Tick (✓) one box.

Human diseases can be spread by coughs and sneezes.

Identify three other ways in which diseases can be spread in humans.

An albatross is a large sea bird.

Fish and squid are eaten by the albatross. Albatross chicks are eaten by large mice.

Draw a food web for this community of organisms.

Read the article.

The albatross chicks on the island are hunted and eaten by large mice.

There were no mice on the island originally. They were brought to the island by human visitors in the 1800s. Since then, the average size of the mice has gradually increased, and most are now giants!

These albatross are now a critically endangered species.

The mice that were brought to the island were a new predator for the albatross. The new predator has caused the size of the albatross population to decrease.

Describe two other factors that could cause a decrease in the size of the albatross population.

Statements A to D explain how natural selection caused the mice to become larger.

They are not in the correct order.

A These mice got more food, so were more likely to survive to reproduce.

B Big mice had an advantage when competing to eat albatross chicks.

C More mice in each generation inherited genes that allowed them to grow larger.

D When mice were brought to the island, some were large and some were small.

Write the letters in the boxes to show the correct order.

The table shows how many albatross were counted on the island in five squares measuring 1 km² each, in 2020.

Calculate the mean number of albatross per km² in 2020 on the island.

Scientists have estimated that:

• In 1980, the mean number of albatross per km² of the island was 1429.

• In 2000, the mean number of albatross per km² of the island was 159.

Scientists plan to kill all of the large mice on the island by poisoning them.

Suggest two reasons that could be used to justify the scientists’ plan.

The circulatory system transports blood around the human body.

Blood is transported in blood vessels.

Complete the table by identifying each type of blood vessel and explaining the function of each structure.

* Describe the journey of blood around the human body. Start with deoxygenated blood (which has very little oxygen in it) in the right side of the heart.

You should include:

• organs that the blood travels to in the excretory system, the digestive system, and the gaseous exchange system.

• the correct order in which the blood travels to these systems.

Sarah and Ben are thinking about having a baby.

Each body cell in Ben’s body contains 46 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes would you expect to find in one of Ben’s sperm cells?

How many chromosomes would you expect to find in one of Sarah’s egg cells if it was fertilised by one of Ben’s sperm cells?

Sarah and Ben decide they are not yet ready to have a baby.

Explain how a contraceptive pill will help to prevent Sarah from becoming pregnant.

Explain the advantages of Ben wearing a condom during sex even if Sarah is taking the pill.

The photograph shown was taken using a light microscope.

Four cells have been labelled.

Cells A, B, C and D illustrate different stages and events during the cell cycle.

Complete the information in the table, using the photograph.

The photograph shows cells from the tip of a plant’s root.

Suggest why cells in the root tip are dividing.

Plants take up water from soil.

Identify two other factors that the scientist should have tried to keep the same for both plants.

Photosynthesis took place in the two plants.

Fig. 6.2 shows a summary of photosynthesis.

The scientist found that plant A took up more water than plant B.

Explain the scientist’s finding.

Use Fig. 6.1 and Fig. 6.2 to support your answer.

Water was added to the soil in the pot several times each week. The total amount of water added to the soil in each 7-day week was 280 ml.

Calculate the rate at which water was added to the soil, in ml / day.

Rate =........ ml / day

What was the mass of the pot and soil at the end of the year, using Fig. 6.4 ?

The mass of the plant was 30 g at the start of the year. The mass of the plant was 156 g at the end of the year.

Calculate the percentage change in the mass of the plant.

Jamal suggests a conclusion for the class experiment.

Explain why Jamal is wrong.

Use data from Fig. 6.4 to support your answer.

Sundip suggests a different conclusion.

Suggest why Sundip’s conclusion is not supported by the data collected by the class.

The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism. A copy of an organism’s genome is stored in each one of its cells.

Explain how the genetic material is stored in an animal cell and how it is used to control what happens in the cell.

Give two ways in which the genetic material is stored in a prokaryotic cell such as a bacterium.

Scientists have created an image of a human female who lived 5700 years ago, as shown. The image is based on information in her genome.

The scientists found her complete genome in the remains of some of her cells.

Describe what evidence her genome would have contained to show that she was female.

The scientists worked out that she had blue eyes.

Suggest how they could have worked this out from her genome.

Even though scientists found her complete genome, they cannot be sure that she looked exactly like the image.

Her genome is not the only factor that would have affected her features.

Describe three things in her environment or her lifestyle that could have affected her features.

How many of our features are affected by both our genome and our environment?

Tick (✓) one box.

Substances can move into and out of cells.

The diagram shows an animal cell.

Osmosis is a type of diffusion.

Which type of particles move through the cell membrane by osmosis?

Tick (✓) one box.

What would be the net movement of these particles by osmosis?

Draw one line to join the correct start of the answer to the correct end.

Explain how the cell’s membrane is able to let some particles move through it but prevents other particles from doing so.

* At the start of the investigation the student was given:

• four cut pieces of potato ready to use

• four beakers of water containing sugar, which were made using the volumes and masses stated in the table

Describe the apparatus and method the student could have used to collect the data in the final column of the table.

Some of the results of the investigation are shown in the graph.

Complete the graph by adding the missing axis name and plotting the missing results.

Describe and explain the results of the investigation. Use data from the graph to support your answer.

Estimate the concentration of sugar inside the potato cells, using the graph. Use the equation: concentration = Give your answer in g / cm³.

Concentration =........ g / cm³