AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2019 question paper 8464/B/2F

Conditions inside the human body are controlled.

What is the control of conditions inside the body called?

Tick (✓) one box.

What are the two ways information is sent to control body conditions?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

One condition in the body that needs to be controlled is the level of water.

Give one other condition in the human body that needs to be controlled.

Figure 1 shows the volumes of water taken in and lost by one person.

The volume for water taken in on a hot day has not been plotted on the bar graph.

The person lost 1400 cm³ of water on the cold day.

How much extra water did they lose on the hot day?

Explain why the volume of water lost on a hot day is higher than on a cold day.

A boy drank 750 cm³ of water.

His total intake of water for that day was 3000 cm³

Calculate the percentage of the boy’s total intake that the 750 cm³ represents.

Some students estimated the population of daisy plants in a field.

This is the method used.

1. Place a quadrat randomly on the field.

2. Count and record the number of daisy plants in the quadrat.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 another four times.

How could the students have made sure the quadrats were placed randomly?

Describe the piece of equipment called a quadrat.

Table 1 shows the results.

Calculate mean value X.

The field is a rectangle 100 m wide and 150 m long.

Calculate the area of the field.

The quadrat used by the students had an area of 1.0 m²

Estimate the population of daisy plants in the field.

Use your answers to Question 02.3 and Question 02.4

More daisy plants grew in some parts of the field compared to other areas of the field.

Give two biotic factors that may affect where daisy plants grow in the field.

The students noticed that the daisy plants growing near a building were smaller.

Explain why smaller daisy plants grew near the building.

Animals have adaptations to survive in their environment.

These adaptations may be structural, behavioural or functional.

Draw one line from each animal adaptation to the type of adaptation it is.

Animal adaptation
Type of adaptation

Plants also have adaptations.

Orchid plants have adaptations which make them one of the most successful plant groups.

Orchids rely on insects for pollination.

Figure 2 shows an orchid.

Which two features help orchids survive?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Many orchid species grow in tropical rainforest ecosystems.

What name describes the variety of all the different species found in an ecosystem?

Tick (✓) one box.

Some species of orchid may become extinct because of deforestation.

Give one reason why tropical rainforests are being cut down.

Give one factor that might cause a species of orchid to become extinct.

Do not refer to deforestation in your answer.

Scientists have analysed the entire genetic material of one species of orchid.

What chemical is the genetic material made from?

What is the name for the entire genetic material of an organism?

A cat breeder noticed that four kittens from one Siamese cat mother had a new blue colour at the tip of their tails.

What has caused the new colour to appear?

Tick (✓) one box.

The cat breeder wants to use selective breeding so that all new kittens have blue tail tips.

Describe the process of selective breeding the cat breeder could use.

Suggest one reason why the cat breeder wants to have all new kittens with the blue tail tips.

Siamese cats can suffer from heart defects.

Why might there be more Siamese cats with heart defects amongst the kittens with blue tail tips?

Tick (✓) one box.

With each pregnancy, the cat breeder expected that:

• 50% of the kittens would be male

• 50% of the kittens would be female.

The sex chromosomes in cats are inherited in the same way as in humans.

The sex chromosomes are X and Y.

Give the combination of sex chromosomes present in a male cat and in a female cat.

The cat breeder expected 50% male kittens and 50% female kittens.

Complete the Punnett square in Figure 3 to show why.

Figure 3

In the first pregnancy there was one male kitten and three female kittens.

Give the reason why there were not two kittens of each sex.

Figure 4 shows a food chain in a garden.

bean plant → blackfly → spider → blackbird

Which term describes the spider in this food chain?

Tick (✓) one box.

Many of the spiders in the garden died.

What is likely to happen to the number of blackflies in the garden?

Tick (✓) one box.

Give a reason for your answer to Question 05.2

Table 2 shows the estimated biomass of organisms in the garden.

What conclusion can be made about biomass in food chains?

Complete Figure 5.

You should:

• label the y-axis

• plot the data from Table 2.

Explain why a garden is not a stable community.

Some students investigated the effect of drinking caffeine on reaction time.

They used a drink containing 32.25 mg of caffeine per 100 cm³

This is the method used.

1. Divide the students into four groups, A, B, C and D.

2. Measure and record the reaction time of each student using the ruler-drop test.

3. Students in:

group A drink 200 cm³ of water

group B drink 200 cm³ of the caffeine drink

group C drink 400 cm³ of the caffeine drink

group D drink 600 cm³ of the caffeine drink.

4. Repeat step 2 after 15 minutes.

Describe how to do the ruler-drop test.

Table 3 shows the mass of caffeine taken in by each student.

Calculate value X.

Why did group A drink water instead of the caffeine drink?

Table 4 was used to convert the results of the ruler-drop test into reaction times.

Estimate the reaction time for a student who recorded a distance of 23 cm

Students calculated the decrease in their reaction time after the drink compared with before the drink.

Figure 6 shows the results for each student.

Describe the effect of the mass of caffeine taken in on the decrease in reaction time.

For three students the decrease in reaction time was negative.

Give the reason why the value was negative.

What is the range of results for group C ?

Suggest two variables that should have been controlled in this investigation.

Explain why the ruler-drop test does not involve a reflex action.

There has been a rapid increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since 1960.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.

Name one other greenhouse gas.

Global warming causes climate change.

Give two effects of climate change.

Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Figure 7 shows part of the carbon cycle.

Describe how carbon from the atmosphere is cycled through living organisms.