Data types

An algorithm is written to read numbers from the external text file data.txt

Each number is checked when it is read from the external text file. The number is output to the user if it is not 0.

Complete the algorithm using the OCR Exam Reference Language statements in the box.

Not all statements are used.

data for if

myFile.close() myFile.readLine() input()

myFile.writeLine() open print

temp txt x

myFile =........ ("data.txt")

while NOT myFile.endOfFile()

if int (........) != 0

endif

endwhile

Identify how casting is used in this algorithm.

OCR Rockfest is a yearly music festival. Visitors buy tickets to attend and watch the music acts.

A computer system is created to sell tickets and store information about visitors and the music acts.

Visitors are asked to choose a password. The password is entered twice and stored in the variables passA and passB

Tick (✓) one box to identify the correct OCR Exam Reference Language statements for the design of this task.

Design an algorithm that:

• checks if the passwords stored in passA and passB are the same

• outputs "passwords match" if they are the same

• outputs "passwords do not match" if they are not the same.

The database table TblMusic stores data about the music acts.

Some of the data in TblMusic is shown:

An SQL statement has been written to show ActID and Stage for all acts playing on Saturday. The SQL statement is incorrect.

SELECT ActID AND Stage FROM TblActs IF Day = Saturday

Refine the SQL statement to correct the errors.

Identify one example of a record from TblMusic

Give the most appropriate data type for each field shown.

Tickets to the festival are £60 each. Visitors can buy multiple tickets. For example, a visitor buying 4 tickets would pay £240.

Write a function, calculatePrice() that:

• takes the number of tickets to be purchased as a parameter

• calculates and returns the total price to pay.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high-level programming language that you have studied.

Write an algorithm that:

• uses the function calculatePrice() to find the price for a visitor buying 3 tickets

• stores the result in the variable totalPrice

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high-level programming language that you have studied.

The number of different music acts on each of the three stages is stored in the array actNumbers.

Each index of the array represents one stage.

This algorithm adds up the total number of acts on all three stages.

01 count = 0

02 for x = 0 to 2

03 count = count + actNumbers[x]

04 next x

05 print(count)

Complete the trace table for the algorithm. You may not need to use all rows in the table.

The array actNumbers is changed to include data for two more stages. The new array is shown:

Index 0 1 2 3 4

The algorithm from part (i) needs refining to work for the new array. The algorithm is repeated here:

01 count = 0

02 for x = 0 to 2

03 count = count + actNumbers[x]

04 next x

05 print(count)

Identify the line number that will need to be changed for the new array and write the updated line of code.

Refine line 05 in the algorithm to output "The total act count is " and then the content of the variable count

For example:

The total act count is 50

There are 500 tickets available for the music festival. The number of tickets currently available is stored in the variable tickets

Complete the algorithm to:

• prompt the user to enter how many tickets they would like and take this value as input

• output "Tickets booked" and reduce the value stored in tickets if there are enough tickets available

• output "Not enough tickets" if there are not enough tickets available

• repeat the steps until there are no tickets left.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high-level programming language that you have studied

tickets = 500

The variable message is assigned a value.

message = "abcd1234"

Complete the table to show the output when each statement executes.

The first output has been completed for you.

Write an algorithm in pseudocode to:

• store "Hello" in the variable word1

• store "Everyone" in the variable word2

• concatenate word1 and word2 to store "HelloEveryone" in the variable message

Students take part in a sports day. The students are put into teams.

Students gain points depending on their result and the year group they are in. The points are added to the team score.

The team with the most points at the end of the sports day wins.

Data about the teams and students is stored in a sports day program.

Identify the most appropriate data type for each variable used by the program.

Each data type must be different.

The student names for a team are stored in an array with the identifier theTeam

An example of the data in this array is shown:

Index 0 1 2 3 4 5

A linear search function is used to find whether a student is in the team. The function:

• takes a student name as a parameter

• returns True if the student name is in the array

• returns False if the student name is not in the array.

Complete the design of an algorithm for the linear search function.

function linearSearch(studentName)

for count = 0 to …………….….....……………

endif

next count

return False

endfunction

The height a student jumps in the high jump needs to be input and validated. The height is entered in centimetres (cm) and must be between 40.0 and 180.0 inclusive.

Write an algorithm to:

• take the height jumped as input

• output "VALID" or "NOT VALID" depending on the height input.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• A high-level programming language that you have studied.

The algorithm is tested using a range of tests.

Complete the table to identify an example of test data for each type of test.

The individual results for each student in each event are stored in a database.

The database table TblResult stores the times of students in the 100 m race. Some of the data is shown:

Complete the SQL statement to show the Student ID and team name of all students who are in year group 11

SELECT StudentID,........

Abstraction and decomposition have been used in the design of the sports day program.

Identify one way that abstraction has been used in the design of this program.

Identify one way that decomposition has been used in the design of this program.

An algorithm works out which team has won (has the highest score).

Write an algorithm to:

• prompt the user to enter a team name and score, or to enter "stop" to stop entering new teams

• repeatedly take team names and scores as input until the user enters "stop"

• calculate which team has the highest score

• output the team name and score of the winning team in an appropriate message.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• A high-level programming language that you have studied

OCR Security Services is a company that installs intruder alarm systems in commercial buildings.

The systems use a computer that is connected to the door sensors and window sensors.

The following data is stored in the system:

Below is a table showing some variables within the program.

Tick (✓) one box in each row to identify the most appropriate data type for each variable.

The alarm has an algorithm that decides whether to sound the alarm by checking the data that is stored in the following three variables.

• SystemArmed

• DoorSensorActive

• WindowSensorActive

The alarm will only sound when the alarm has been activated and one or both of the door and window sensors are activated. When the system needs to sound the alarm it calls the pre-written procedure SoundAlarm()

Write a program that checks the data in the variables and calls SoundAlarm() when appropriate.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• A high-level programming language that you have studied.

Give the line number where there is concatenation.

Give the identifier of a variable used in the program.

Identify the data type of the data returned by the function CheckSensorCode()

Give the line number that contains a function call.

Identify two programming constructs that have been used in the program.

The alarm system has a log that stores a record each time a sensor is triggered. This is called an event. The record format is given in the table:

The log is stored in a database table called events. The current contents of events is shown:

Write an SQL statement to display the sensor IDs of the door sensors that have been triggered for more than 20 seconds.

A program written in a high-level language is used to access the data from the database. This program has a procedure, SaveLogs(), that stores the data to an external text file.

The procedure SaveLogs():

• takes the string of data to be stored to the text file as a parameter

• takes the filename of the text file as a parameter

• stores the string of data to the text file.

Write the procedure SaveLogs()

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• A high-level programming language that you have studied.

OCR Security Services need to identify the total number of seconds the sensors have been activated on a specific date.

The data from the database table events is imported into the program written in a high-level programming language.

The program stores the data in a two-dimensional (2D) string array with the identifier arrayEvents

The data to be stored is shown in the table.

In this table, the value of events[1, 1] contains "MS1".

An array can only store data of one data type. Any non-string data must be converted to a string before storing in the array.

Identify the process that converts integer data to string data.

Write a program that:

• asks the user to input a date

• totals the number of seconds sensors have been activated on the date input

• outputs the calculated total in an appropriate message including the date, for example: Sensors were activated for 40 seconds on 05/02/2023

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• A high-level programming language that you have studied.

A fast food restaurant offers half-price meals if the customer is a student or has a discount card. The offer is not valid on Saturdays.

A computer system is used to identify whether the customer can have a half-price meal.

The table identifies the three inputs to the computer system:

The logic system P = (A OR B) AND NOT C is used.

Complete the following logic diagram for P = (A OR B) AND NOT C by drawing one logic gate in each box.

A truth table can be produced for this logic circuit.

Describe the purpose of a truth table.

State how many rows (excluding any headings) would be required in a truth table for the logic expression:

P = (A OR B) AND NOT C

The restaurant needs an algorithm designing to help employees work out if a customer can have a half price meal or not. It should:

• input required data

• decide if the customer is entitled to a discount

• output the result of the calculation.

Design the algorithm using a flowchart.

The restaurant adds a service charge to the cost of a meal depending on the number of people at a table. If there are more than five people 5% is added to the total cost of each meal.

Customers can also choose to leave a tip, this is optional and the customer can choose between a percentage of the cost, or a set amount.

Identify all the additional inputs that will be required for this change to the algorithm.

Define the term casting and give the line number where casting has been used in the algorithm.

Complete the following trace table for the given algorithm when the surname “Kofi” and the year 2021 are entered.

You may not need to use all rows in the table.

Customers at a hotel can stay between 1 and 5 (inclusive) nights and can choose between a basic room or a premium room.

A typical booking record is shown in the table:

State the most appropriate data type for the following fields:

Give the name of one field that could be stored as a Boolean data type.

Booking records are stored in a database table called TblBookings.

The following SQL statement is written to display all customer bookings that stay more than one night.

SELECT ALL FROM TblBookings IF Nights < 1

The SQL statement is incorrect.

Rewrite the SQL statement so that it is correct.

When a new booking is recorded, the details are entered into a program to validate the values. The following criteria are checked:

• firstName and surname are not empty

• room is either “basic” or “premium”

• nights is between 1 and 5 (inclusive).

If any invalid data is found “NOT ALLOWED” is displayed. If all data is valid “ALLOWED” is displayed.

Complete the following program to validate the inputs.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high-level programming language that you have studied.

firstName = input("Enter a first name") surname = input("Enter a surname") room = input("Enter basic or premium") nights = input("Enter between 1 and 5 nights") stayComplete = False

Complete the following test plan to check whether the number of nights is validated correctly.

A Basic room costs £60 each night. A Premium room costs £80 each night.

Create a function, newPrice(), that takes the number of nights and the type of room as parameters, calculates and returns the price to pay.

You do not have to validate these parameters.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high-level programming language that you have studied.

Write program code, that uses newPrice(), to output the price of staying in a Premium room for 5 nights.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high-level programming language that you have studied.

The hotel has nine rooms that are numbered from room 0 to room 8.

The number of people currently staying in each room is stored in an array with the identifier room.

The index of room represents the room number.

The following program counts how many people are currently staying in the hotel.

for count = 1 to 8 total = 0 total = total + room[count] next count print(total)

When tested, the program is found to contain two logic errors.

Describe how the program can be refined to remove these logic errors.

The hotel car park charges £4 per hour. If the car is electric, this price is halved to £2 per hour.

Write an algorithm to:

• take as input the number of hours the user has parked and whether their car is electric or not

• calculate and output the total price

• repeat continually until the user enters 0 hours.

You must use either:

• OCR Exam Reference Language, or

• a high level programming language that you have studied.