Figure 1 shows a ray of light incident on a mirror.
On Figure 1, label the angle of incidence with the letter i and the angle of reflection with the letter r.
(2)
A lens has a focal length of 17 cm.
Calculate the power of the lens in dioptres.
Use the equation
power =........ dioptres
(3)
Which of these is the best reason for explaining why a leaf appears green in daylight?
(1)
Draw one straight line from each electromagnetic radiation to its correct description.
(3)
Different colours of light have different frequencies.
Which of these colours has the highest frequency?
(1)
Figure 2 is a diagram of a glass block being used to investigate the refraction of light.
(Source: © ajizai/docstoc.com)
Figure 2
The angle of incidence was varied and the angle of refraction was measured each time.
Figure 3 shows the results in a table.
Figure 4 shows a graph of these results.
The two shaded rows in Figure 3 are not plotted on the graph in Figure 4.
Plot these missing results on the graph in Figure 4.
(2)
Draw a curve of best fit through the points on the graph in Figure 4.
(1)
Using Figure 4, describe the relationship between the angle of refraction and the angle of incidence.
(2)
Figure 5 shows a velocity / time graph for a car moving on a test track.
Use this graph to describe the velocity of the car in stages TS, SR and RQ.
TS
(3)
SR
RQ
State how the motion of the car is different in RQ compared with QP.
(1)
Calculate the acceleration of the car in Figure 5 in the first 5 s.
Use the equation
acceleration =........ m / s2
(2)
Calculate the distance travelled by the car in Figure 5 from 5 s to 15 s.
(2)
Figure 6 shows a diagram of a helium atom.
Complete the table for particles G and H, as shown in Figure 6.
(4)
An atom of beryllium has the symbol
Be 9 4
The beryllium atom has 4 protons.
Determine the number of neutrons in this atom.
(1)
Determine the number of electrons in this atom.
(1)
Which of these is the unit for the activity of a radioactive isotope?
(1)
The isotope nitrogen-13 (N-13) has a half-life of 10 minutes.
A sample of N-13 has an initial mass of 120 g.
Calculate the mass of N-13 that remains after 30 minutes.
mass remaining =........
(2)
Which of these is a typical human reaction time?
(1)
There are several factors that affect the overall stopping distance of a van.
State two factors that may affect the overall stopping distance of a van.
(2)
Figure 7 is a velocity / time graph for a van braking from an initial velocity of 25 m / s.
On Figure 7 draw a similar graph for the same van braking from an initial velocity of 15 m / s.
Assume the thinking time and the braking force remain the same.
(2)
The van’s brakes are applied to stop a van in a distance of 21.5 m.
The work done by the brakes is 375 kJ.
Calculate the braking force in newtons.
Use the equation
braking force =........
(3)
The van is travelling along a horizontal road when the brakes are applied.
Which of these will have the same value as the work done by the brakes?
(1)
Figure 8 shows apparatus set up to investigate the speed of a falling object.
The object is dropped from rest at the position shown. The object falls through the light gate.
The speed of the object, after it has fallen through a height, h, is measured by the light gate.
Label Figure 8 to show the height, h. Your label should look like this
(1)
The speed is measured at least four times for each drop height.
Give one reason for repeating the measurements.
(1)
The metre rule shown in Figure 8 is used to measure the height, h.
Suggest two ways to make the measurement of h as accurate as possible.
(2)
As the object in Figure 8 falls, energy is transferred.
These energy transfers are represented in Figure 9.
Complete the labels of the energy stores involved.
(3)
Figure 10 shows wind power generation from the year 2000 onwards.
Estimate the percentage change in wind power generation from 2005 to 2020.
percentage change =........
(3)
Figure 11 gives the values of gravitational field strength, g, on the surfaces of Earth, the Moon and Mars.
A person has a weight of 730 N on Earth.
Calculate the person’s weight on the Moon, using information from Figure 11.
(2)
The gravitational field strength, g, is different on the surfaces of Earth, the Moon and Mars.
Explain why this is the case.
(2)
Asteroids have elliptical (oval) orbits around
(1)
*(c) Scientists have been searching beyond the Solar System to find planets where life could exist.
One requirement for life to exist on a planet is that there is water on the surface of the planet.
The planets where surface water could exist are in a region called the habitable zone.
Figure 12 is a diagram showing our Sun, with its five closest planets, and a more distant star with three of its planets labelled A, B and C. The habitable zone is shaded.
(Source adapted from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23993674_Darwin_-A_ Mission_to_Detect_and_Search_for_Life_on_Extrasolar_Planets/figures?lo=1)
Discuss the chance of life existing on the planets shown in Figure 12.
Your answer should refer to
• the five planets shown from our Solar System, giving the names of P, Q and R.
• the three planets, A, B and C, orbiting the more distant star.
(6)
Which row of the table shows the correct units of weight and of mass?
(1)
State the name of a piece of equipment that can be used to measure mass.
(1)
Figure 13 shows the two forces acting on a beach ball as it falls through the air.
The resultant of these two forces is 0.92 N downwards.
The mass of the beach ball is 0.25 kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the beach ball as it falls.
Use the equation
acceleration =........ m / s2
(3)
Calculate the size of the air resistance force on the beach ball.
(1)
Some students are investigating forces.
They use a newton meter to keep a trolley stationary on a sloping runway, as shown in Figure 14.
They measure the force needed to keep the trolley stationary on the sloping runway.
They do this at four different places on the runway.
When the height, h, of the runway is 0.60 m, their four readings for force are
2.1 N 2.7 N 2.5 N 2.2 N
Calculate the mean value of these forces.
(1)
The students then measure values of the force, F, for several different values of h, the height of the runway.
Figure 15 is a graph of F against h.
Use the graph in Figure 15 to determine the value of F when h = 0.80 m.
(2)
Determine the gradient of the graph in Figure 15.
gradient =........ N / m
(2)
Figure 16 is a diagram of part of a water wave.
Use data from Figure 16 to determine the amplitude of the wave.
(1)
Use data from Figure 16 to determine the wavelength of the wave.
wavelength =........
(1)
The water wave shown in Figure 16 is generated in a large tank.
A student observes the wave.
Describe how the student could determine the wave speed of the wave.
(2)
When an earthquake happens, waves are transmitted through the Earth. Figure 17 is a diagram of a part of the Earth’s crust.
Earth’s surface
An earthquake happens at point X, 20 km below the Earth’s surface.
An earthquake wave from X is detected at point L.
This earthquake wave is a transverse wave.
State one other example of a transverse wave.
(1)
A point in the crust is labelled R in Figure 17. There is a rock at point R.
Describe the effect that this earthquake wave has on the rock at R as the wave passes through the rock.
You may add to Figure 17 to help your answer.
(2)
*(c) A scientist investigates a sample of an unknown radioactive material.
The scientist finds that the sample does not emit beta radiation.
The scientist sets up the experiment shown in Figure 18 and uses different absorbers to investigate alpha and gamma radiation.
The results are shown in Figure 19.
The count rates are rounded to two significant figures.
The background radiation was 18 counts per minute (cpm).
Discuss whether the sample emits alpha or gamma radiation or both.
Your answer should refer to
• the data shown in Figure 19
• how the data gives evidence for particular radiations.
(6)
This question is about using radioactivity and nuclear energy.
Gamma ray irradiation of food kills harmful bacteria by using
(1)
Which part of a nuclear reactor is used to absorb neutrons?
(1)
The isotope fluorine-18 is used in PET scans, which help to detect cancers.
Figure 20 shows a radioactive decay curve for a sample of fluorine-18.
Use the graph to calculate the percentage of fluorine-18 remaining after 150 minutes.
percentage of fluorine-18 remaining after 150 minutes =........
(2)
Fluorine-18 releases positrons.
Describe what happens when positrons meet electrons.
(2)
Figure 21 shows what happens during a fission chain reaction.
Explain what happens when one neutron interacts with one uranium nucleus.
(3)
In 2023, Finland produced 4.4 GW of power from nuclear power plants.
The UK produced 8.9 GW of power from nuclear power plants.
Calculate the ratio of nuclear power produced in Finland compared with the UK as
power production in Finland
Give your answer to 2 significant figures (2 s.f.).
(2)
The paper as printed
Spotted a mistake on this page?Report a problem
