Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 Foundation November 2020 question paper 1PH0/2F

Figure 1 shows an object under the surface of the sea.

Which arrow shows where the pressure on the object is greatest?

Figure 2 shows two blocks of stone resting on the bottom of the sea.

Both blocks have the same height.

Area Y is 4 times bigger than area X.

What is the pressure due to the water on the top surface of block Y?

A diver is swimming underwater in a lake.

The diver wears the meter shown in Figure 3.

The meter shows the depth of the diver below the surface of the water.

State the depth shown on the meter in Figure 3.

State the unit.

State how the pressure of the water on the diver changes as the diver swims down from the surface of the lake.

State why the total pressure on the diver is greater than just the pressure due to the water above the diver.

An aeroplane takes off from the ground.

State two factors that affect the pressure of the atmosphere on the aeroplane as the aeroplane goes higher in the atmosphere.

Figure 4 shows the inside of a mains plug.

The mains plug has three safety features.

One of these safety features has been ticked in the table.

Put two more ticks in the table to show the other two safety features.

Figure 5 shows a charger for a car battery.

The meter on the battery charger shows the current supplied to a battery.

The meter on the battery charger is

The battery charger supplies a steady current of 2.5 A to the battery.

Calculate the charge flowing to the battery in 8 minutes.

Use the equation

charge = currenttime

The transformer in another battery charger has a primary coil and a secondary coil.

The voltage across the primary coil = 230 V.

The voltage across the secondary coil = 15 V.

The current in the secondary coil is 3.1 A.

Calculate the current in the primary coil.

Use the equation

Figure 6 shows two gears.

Gear R and gear S can rotate.

Gear R has 20 teeth.

Gear S has 60 teeth.

Gear S rotates through 2 complete revolutions.

Calculate how many complete revolutions gear R rotates by.

gear R has rotated through_........ revolutions

Figure 7 shows two gears, S and T.

Gear S can rotate on a fixed axle.

Gear T can move up and down.

Gear S has 60 teeth.

The distance between each of the teeth on gear S and on gear T is 2 mm.

Gear S moves through one complete revolution in the direction shown.

Which of these describes the motion of gear T?

Figure 8 shows a force of 70 N turning a lever about point P.

Calculate the moment of the 70 N force about point P.

State the unit.

Use the equation

moment = force × distance normal to the direction of the force

Figure 9 shows a worker using a wheelbarrow to move some sand.

The load is equal to the total weight of the sand and the wheelbarrow.

The effort is the force that the worker applies to the wheelbarrow handles.

The worker applies just enough effort to lift the load.

Explain why the effort is smaller than the load.

Some sand falls down and sticks between the wheel and the axle.

State why it might be harder to push the wheelbarrow along when there is some sand between the wheel and the axle.

Figure 10 shows a toy used to launch a ball.

One end of the spring is fixed to the handle.

The other end of the spring is fixed to the support.

A child pulls the handle, stretching the spring.

Figure 11 shows the toy with the spring stretched.

Which of these shows the forces acting on the handle when the child keeps the spring stretched?

Ignore the force due to gravity.

In Figure 11, the extension of the spring is 0.070 m.

The spring constant (k) is 20 N/m.

Calculate the force used to extend the spring.

Use the equation

The child pulls the handle until the pad is against the support as shown in Figure 12.

The extension of the spring is 0.09 m.

The spring constant (k) is 20 N/m.

Calculate the work done in extending the spring by 0.09 m.

Use the equation

work done = ½ k(extension)²

The child lets go of the handle.

The ball starts to move.

The spring returns to its original length.

Describe the energy transfer that takes place when the ball starts to move.

The child can only stretch the spring until the pad is pressing against the support.

Explain how the design of the toy prevents the spring from becoming damaged.

F igure 13 shows a part of a machine used to separate steel cans from aluminium cans.

The cans are carried along a moving belt.

The belt goes around a roller.

The roller is a magnet.

Each can falls into one of the containers.

Explain how this machine separates the steel cans from the aluminium cans.

A student investigates magnetism using two toys as shown in Figure 14.

There is a magnet attached to the top of each toy.

The student moves the toy brick towards the toy car.

The magnet on the toy brick repels the magnet on the toy car.

On Figure 14, label the north pole and the south pole on the magnet attached to the toy brick.

Explain why the toy car starts to move only when the toy brick gets near to the toy car.

The student thinks that two magnets on top of each other will produce a magnetic field that is stronger than the magnetic field from a single magnet.

The student has a metre rule and more magnets available.

Describe how the student could develop this investigation to test this theory.

A student investigates resistors connected in series in an electrical circuit.

The student has

The student does not know the value of the resistor marked X.

The student decides to measure the potential difference (voltage) across resistor X.

Figure 15 shows the circuit that the student connected.

The circuit is connected incorrectly.

Describe how the student should correct the mistake.

The student corrects the mistake.

The voltage across resistor X is 2.1 V.

The circuit is connected to a 3 V battery.

State the value of the voltage across the 22 Ω resistor.

The current in resistor X is 0.041 A.

The voltage across resistor X is 2.1 V.

Show that the resistance of resistor X must be about 50 ohms.

Use the equation

Calculate the power in resistor X when the voltage across X is 2.1 V and the current in resistor X is 0.041 A.

Calculate the overall resistance of the 22 ohm resistor and resistor X.

The current in the circuit is 0.041 A.

The voltage across the battery is 3.0 V.

Calculate the energy transferred in 2 minutes.

Use the equation

Figure 16 shows a metal container with a movable piston.

Point X is on the inner surface of the container.

The gas in the container is at a higher pressure than the air outside the container.

Which of these shows the direction of the force, due to the gas, on the container at point X?

The pressure of the gas in Figure 16 (P₁) is 120 kPa.

The volume of the gas in Figure 16 (V₁) is 2500 cm³.

The piston is pushed up slowly so that the temperature of the gas does not change.

The new volume of the gas (V₂) is 1600 cm³.

Calculate the new pressure of the gas, P₂.

Use the equation

new pressure, P₂ =_........

Figure 17 shows a bicycle pump with a closed end.

The area of the piston is 2 cm².

A force of 28 N is applied to the piston.

Calculate the pressure, in N/cm², of the piston on the air in the bicycle pump.

*(d) A container is sealed so that the mass of the gas inside cannot change.

The volume of the gas is changed and the pressure is measured at different volumes.

The temperature of the gas does not change.

Figure 18 is a graph of the results.

Explain, in terms of the movement of particles, why there is a pressure on the container and why the pressure changes as shown in Figure 18.

Figure 19 shows a small piece of copper about 3 cm high.

A student wants to determine the density of copper.

The student uses a balance to measure the mass of the piece of copper.

Explain how the student could measure the volume of the piece of copper.

The mass of the piece of copper is 0.058 kg.

The volume of the piece of copper is 6.510^–6m³.

Calculate the density of copper.

A student wants to determine the specific heat capacity of copper.

Figure 20 shows a piece of copper, with a thread tied around it, in a glass beaker of boiling water.

The student leaves the piece of copper in the boiling water so that the copper reaches a temperature of 100C.

The student uses the thread to take the piece of copper out of the boiling water.

The student puts the hot piece of copper into a different beaker of cold water at 20C.

The apparatus is shown in Figure 21.

The student assumes that the thermal energy gained by the water equals the thermal energy lost by the piece of copper.

The water and copper both reach a temperature of 22C.

The cold water gains 1050 J of energy.

The mass of the piece of copper is 0.058 kg.

Calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of copper, using these results.

Use the equation

change in thermal energy = massspecific heat capacitychange in temperature

The value for the specific heat capacity of copper obtained from the student’s results is lower than the correct value.

State two ways that the experiment could be improved to give a value that is closer to the correct value.

A long piece of wire is made into a coil as shown in Figure 22.

The coil is connected to a low voltage power supply.

Describe how this coil could be used instead of the Bunsen burner in Figure 20.

Figure 23 shows a drone.

The drone has four spinning blades.

The upward force produced enables the drone to rise in the air.

The speed at which the blades spin is measured in turns per minute.

Figure 24 shows how the upward force produced by the four blades depends on the speed at which the blades spin.

Describe the relationship between upward force and speed shown by this graph.

A different drone has a mass of 4.5 kg.

This drone rises from the ground to a height of 20 m.

Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy when the drone rises through a height of 20 m.

The gravitational field strength g = 10 N/kg.

State the amount of useful work done by the blades as the drone rises through 20 m.

It takes 4 s for the drone to rise through 20 m.

Calculate the useful power developed by the blades in this time of 4 s.

*(c) The blades on the drone are turned by electric motors.

The electric motors are powered by a battery.

Figure 25 represents the energy transfers involved when the drone rises from the ground.

Describe the changes in the way energy is stored when the drone rises from the ground.

Your answer should refer to energy transfers.

This question is about static electricity.

A student has a rubber balloon tied to a long piece of cotton thread.

The student gives the balloon an overall electrostatic charge.

Describe one way that the student could give the balloon an overall electrostatic charge.

The student gives the balloon an overall negative charge.

Which of these sentences explains why the overall charge on the balloon is negative?

The student charges another balloon on a long thread.

Explain how the student can show that the two balloons have the same type of charge.

Figure 26 shows a plastic block and a metal disc with an insulating handle.

The top surface of the plastic block has a negative charge.

The metal disc has no overall electric charge.

A student uses the insulating handle to hold the metal disc above the plastic block.

Which of these diagrams shows how the charge is distributed on the metal disc?

The student keeps holding the metal disc above the charged plastic block and taps the metal disc with a finger.

This earths the metal disc for a short time.

Explain why the disc now has an overall positive charge.

Figure 27 shows the charges on part of the metal disc and the plastic block.

On Figure 27, draw lines to show the shape and direction of the electric field between the metal disc and the plastic block.

Equations