Figure 1 shows an electrical circuit.
Draw a circuit diagram of the electrical circuit in Figure 1 in the space below.
(4)
When the current in a lamp is 0.15 A, the resistance of the lamp is 40 Ω.
Calculate the voltage across the lamp.
Use the equation
V = I × R
(2)
Figure 2 shows an ammeter that can read up to 5 A.
State the value of the current shown on the ammeter in Figure 2.
(1)
Complete the following sentences using words from the box below.
The force that keeps the Earth in orbit around the sun is
(1)
The force that opposes motion between two surfaces is........ .
(1)
The force that can move small pieces of paper towards a plastic comb
(1)
Which of these statements is true for a vector quantity?
(1)
Figure 3 shows a force of 200 N acting at the end of a plank of wood.
The force acts at right angles to the plank and at 3.0 m away from a pivot.
Calculate the moment of the 200 N force about the pivot.
State the unit of the moment of the force.
Use the equation
moment of a force = force × distance at right angles to the direction of the force
moment of the force about the pivot =........ unit........
(3)
When the pressure in a container of gas increases, the particles of the gas
(1)
A student investigates the pressure and volume of some trapped gas. Figure 4 shows the apparatus used.
Figure 5 shows the student’s table of results.
Suggest what the student should add to the headings of the table in Figure 5.
(1)
Use Figure 5 to estimate the volume of gas for a pressure reading of ‘170’.
volume of gas =........
(2)
Suggest two ways the student could improve the investigation.
(2)
Explain whether the values, in the column headed ‘ p × V ’ in Figure 5, fit the equation
(3)
Figure 6 shows some objects and words describing these objects.
Draw one line from each object to its description.
object description
(2)
Figure 7 shows a wire passing through a piece of card. The wire carries an electric current.
Figure 7
Draw one magnetic field line on Figure 7, to show the shape of the magnetic field produced by the current.
(1)
Draw one arrow on the field line you have drawn to show the direction of the magnetic field.
(1)
A student measures the strength of the magnetic field at several distances from the wire in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows most of the student’s results.
Figure 9 shows two extra sets of results. mT is a unit of strength of a magnetic field.
Plot the two extra points on Figure 8.
(2)
Draw a best fit curve on the graph in Figure 8.
(1)
Use the graph in Figure 8 to calculate the change in strength of magnetic field when the distance from the wire changes from 4 cm to 8 cm.
change in strength of magnetic field =........
(2)
The distance from the wire affects the strength of the magnetic field.
State one other factor that affects the strength of the magnetic field.
(1)
This question is about using the mains electricity supply.
An electric kettle is used to boil some water. The mains supply voltage is 230 V. The power supplied to the kettle is 1.9 kW.
Calculate the current in the kettle. Use the equation
current supplied to the kettle =........
(2)
A coffee machine takes 120 s to heat some water.
Mains supply voltage = 230 V Current in this coffee machine = 7.4 A
Calculate the energy transferred to the coffee machine in 120 s.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.
energy transferred to coffee machine =........
(2)
Figure 10 shows the inside of a mains plug. The neutral wire is labelled.
State the name of wire X and the name of wire Y.
(2)
State the name of component Z.
(1)
A transformer is used to connect a laptop computer to the mains electricity supply. The input voltage to the transformer is 230 V. The output current from the transformer is 2.37 A. The transformer has an output voltage of 19.0 V. The transformer used is 100% efficient.
Calculate the input current to the transformer.
Use the equation
input current × input voltage = output current × output voltage
input current =........
(3)
This question is about energy changes.
Figure 11 shows a water slide. A person travels from the top to the bottom of the water slide.
The mass of the person, m = 72 kg. The change in vertical height, h = 7.0 m Gravitational field strength, g = 10 N / kg
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy for the person.
Use the equation
change in gravitational potential energy = m × g × h
change in gravitational potential energy =........
(2)
The person comes to rest after the end of the water slide.
Explain what happens to the energy as the person comes to rest after the end of the water slide.
(2)
Figure 12 shows a person pushing a box from the bottom of a slope to the top of the slope.
Explain which one of the three distances shown in Figure 12 should be used to calculate the work done against the force of friction between the box and the slope.
(2)
Calculate the kinetic energy of a tennis ball travelling at 28 m/s. The mass of the tennis ball = 58 g.
Use the equation
kinetic energy =........
(3)
Figure 13 shows a negatively charged metal sphere, M.
Sphere M is negatively charged because it has
(1)
A metal sphere, N, is connected to earth by a wire.
N is moved near to M as shown in Figure 14.
A spark jumps between the spheres, discharging sphere M.
Describe what happens in the wire connecting sphere N to earth when the spark jumps between M and N.
(2)
Describe a use of earthing in everyday life.
Your answer should state the use and describe why earthing is needed.
(2)
Figure 15 shows two parallel metal plates.
The plates are charged using a very high voltage.
metal plate
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
metal plate
Figure 15
Draw on Figure 15 the shape and direction of the electric field between the plates.
(2)
*(c) This question is about electrostatic charges and the forces between them.
Figure 16 shows some apparatus that can be used to show that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
An acetate strip can be charged positively.
A polythene strip can be charged negatively.
A coulombmeter can be used to measure charge and whether the charge is positive or negative.
Explain how you would use the apparatus in Figure 16 to show that like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
(6)
Figure 17 shows two different types of the same circuit component.
What is the name of this circuit component?
(1)
Which row in the table describes the way that ammeters and voltmeters should be connected with a component in a circuit?
(1)
Figure 18 shows the results from an experiment where the potential difference (voltage) across a filament lamp was varied.
The current and voltage were measured.
Describe the relationship between the current and the voltage as shown in the graph in Figure 18.
(2)
Use the values of the voltage and current at point P and at point Q on the graph in Figure 18 to complete the table in Figure 19.
(2)
Calculate the resistance of the filament lamp when the voltage is 4.5 V and the current is 51 mA.
Use the equation
(2)
Explain why the resistance of the filament lamp changes as the voltage across it increases.
(3)
Describe, in terms of particles, two differences between a solid and a liquid of the same substance.
(2)
Figure 20 shows the dimensions of a solid block of concrete.
Density of concrete, ρ, = 2100 kg / m3.
Calculate the mass of the concrete block.
Use the equation:
m = ρ × V
mass of concrete block =........
(3)
Figure 21 shows a shed made mostly of concrete blocks.
State two practical ways to reduce heat loss from this shed.
(2)
*(d) A student has two metal strips and a ruler, as shown in Figure 22.
A teacher tells the student that
• one metal strip is made of aluminium
• the other metal strip is made of stainless steel.
The student looks up data in a reference book, finding some density values:
density of aluminium = 2710 kg / m3
density of stainless steel = 7850 kg / m3
The student has access to more of the same metal strips, if needed, and may ask for any extra measuring devices.
Plan how the student could confirm the teacher’s statements, by determining the density of each of the strips as accurately as possible.
(6)
Figure 23 shows some water in a tank.
The bottom of the tank has an area of 0.80 m2.
The force on the bottom of the tank, due to the water, is 2400 N.
Calculate the pressure, due to the water, on the bottom of the tank.
(3)
More water is added to the tank.
Explain how the pressure on the bottom of the tank changes when more water is added to the tank.
(2)
Figure 24 shows an object on the bottom of the tank of water.
Draw an arrow on Figure 24 to show the direction of the force exerted by the water on the surface of the object at point X.
(1)
Figure 25 is a graph showing how the atmospheric pressure changes with the height above sea level on the Earth’s surface.
height above sea level on the Earth’s surface in m
Figure 25
An aeroplane descends from 6000 m to 2000 m.
Use the graph to find the change in atmospheric pressure as the aeroplane descends.
change in pressure =........
(2)
Suggest one reason why the atmospheric pressure is greater at 2000 m than at 6000 m.
(1)
Figure 26 shows two drawings of the same person on a bed.
Explain why the person exerts a different pressure on the bed when standing up than when lying down.
(2)
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