What is the name of the field that surrounds the charged balloon and cloth?
electric electromagnetic gravitational magnetic
[1]
Explain why the balloon no longer hangs vertically.
[2]
Jack makes the following comment to explain the charges on the balloon and the cloth.
Jack
Is Jack correct?
Explain your choice.
[2]
Kareem is researching a kettle to buy for his grandad.
This is the label for one kettle he found on the Internet.
Kareem makes the following comment.
What is the frequency and potential difference (voltage) of the domestic supply in the UK?
[1]
On the axes, sketch a graph for a direct voltage and an alternating voltage.
direct voltage
alternating voltage
[3]
The power of the kettle is 2000 W.
How many joules of energy are transferred by the kettle in a time of 1 second?
[1]
The table shows data on three kettles A, B and C found by Kareem.
| Kettle | Power (W) | Lifetime of kettle (hours of use) | Total energy transferred (kW h) |
| A | 1500 | 400 | |
| B | 2000 | 200 | 400 |
| C | 2500 | 100 | 250 |
Calculate the total energy, in kilowatt hours (kW h), transferred by kettle A during its lifetime.
Use the equation: energy transferred = power × time
Total energy transferred =........ kW h
[3]
Which kettle, A, B or C, will take the longest time to boil one litre of water?
Give one reason for your answer.
Kettle........
Reason........
[2]
What is the name of the device used to change low-voltage to high-voltage at power stations?
diode National Grid thermistor transformer
[1]
Sarah investigates what happens when light shines on different coloured cards.
She places two coloured square cards next to each other, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
Card R is red and card G is green.
Sarah shines green light on both cards.
Fig. 3.2 shows the observed colour of the cards.
Complete the following sentences about the observation in Fig. 3.2.
Use words from the list.
You may use each word once, more than once, or not at all.
absorbs refracts scatters transmits
Card R looks black because it........ the green light.
Card G looks green because it........ the green light.
[2]
What colour light can Sarah shine on the red and green cards to make them both appear black ?
blue green red white
[1]
Sarah is now investigating the refraction of light.
A narrow beam of green light is incident on a plastic block.
She measures the angle of incidence, i, and the angle of refraction, r, as shown in Fig. 3.3
Sarah then draws a graph of angle of refraction, r, against angle of incidence, i, as shown in Fig. 3.4.
Sarah makes the following hypothesis.
Use Fig. 3.4 to explain if Sarah is correct.
[2]
Green light has wavelength 5.6 × 10–7 m and frequency 5.4 × 1014 Hz. (c)
Calculate the wave speed of the green light.
Use the equation: wave speed = frequency × wavelength
Give your answer in standard form and to 2 significant figures.
Wave speed =........ m / s
[3]
Large telescopes, on the Earth and in space, have been used to make exciting discoveries.
What is the difference between a planet like the Earth and a star like our Sun?
[1]
* In 2010 the star HD10180 was discovered. It is a yellow-colour star like the Sun and it has at least 7 planets orbiting it to create a planetary system.
Scientists believe the star, HD10180, and the planets orbiting it, were formed in a similar way to our Solar System.
Draw a labelled diagram of the HD10180 planetary system, and describe how the star and its planets may have been formed.
[6]
Galaxy GN-z11 is one of the most distant galaxies discovered.
The table shows the data on two other galaxies much closer to us.
| Galaxy | Distance from us (m) | Receding speed (km / s) |
| Tadpole galaxy | 3.8 × 1024 | 9400 |
| Cigar galaxy | 1.1 × 1023 | 200 |
What conclusion can you draw between the distance of a galaxy and its speed?
[1]
Write a list of the three named galaxies above, in order of increasing red-shift.
lower red-shift
higher red-shift
[2]
Americium is a radioactive material that emits alpha radiation.
Americium-241, an isotope, is used in many domestic smoke alarms. The radioactive source in the smoke alarm is under a plastic case.
Suggest why the alpha radiation from the source cannot do any harm when you are close to the smoke alarm.
[1]
Explain how you could use a radiation measuring device in the laboratory to show that the smoke alarm is safe.
[2]
Ling makes the following comment.
Ling
Discuss why Ling’s suggestion is not sensible.
[2]
Ling finds the activity against time graph for a different radioactive alpha source from the Internet.
Use the graph to determine the half-life of the alpha source.
Show your working on the graph.
[2]
The initial activity of the source is 40 000 counts per second.
What is the activity of the source after a time equal to 2 half-lives?
Activity =........ counts per second
[3]
On the graph axes above, sketch a graph for another sample of the alpha source that has an initial activity of 30 000 counts per second.
[3]
A delivery company uses GPS tracker devices to monitor the position and the speed of their vans.
The distance against time graph of one van travelling along a straight road is shown in
Fig. 6.1 has been divided into three sections A, B, and C.
Complete the table by matching each section, A, B, or C, with the correct type of motion.
Tick (✓) one box in each row.
[3]
The velocity against time graph of another van is shown in Fig. 6.2.
Fig. 6.2 has been divided into four sections W, X, Y, and Z.
Identify which section shows the van speeding up.
Explain your answer.
Section:........
Explanation:........
[2]
Identify which section shows the van slowing down.
Explain your answer.
Section:........
Explanation:........
[2]
Data from the GPS tracker device can be used to calculate a van’s average acceleration over the entire journey:
• initial speed = 8.5 m / s
• final speed = 36.5 m / s
• time for acceleration = 5.0 s
Use this information to calculate the average acceleration of the van.
Use the equation: acceleration = change in speed ÷ time taken
Give the correct units for your answer.
[3]
Estimate the mass of the van, in kilograms (kg).
[1]
Estimate the average force acting on the van.
Use your answers from (c) and (d)(i) to answer the question.
[3]
Nina is investigating electrical circuits in the laboratory.
Nina is looking for a filament lamp for her torch.
Fig. 7.1 shows a filament lamp that may be suitable.
Which current against voltage graph (I-V characteristic) for a filament lamp is correct?
[1]
Calculate the amount of charge flowing through the filament lamp when it is used for 60 s.
Use the equation: charge = current × time
[3]
The base of the filament lamp has ‘2.4 V, 500 mA’ stamped on it.
Calculate the power of the filament lamp at 2.4 V.
[3]
Nina connects up the following circuit using two identical filament lamps.
The switch is currently open.
Explain what happens to the ammeter reading when the switch is then closed.
[2]
What is the name of the electrical component that conducts current in only one direction?
Tick (✓) one box.
[1]
Draw an electrical symbol for your answer to (c)(i).
[1]
This question is about gears and levers.
A wristwatch with its back cover removed is shown in Fig. 8.1.
You can see some of the gears inside the wristwatch.
Two gears Q and R are shown in Fig. 8.2.
The gear Q has 40 teeth and gear R has 20 teeth. Both gears have the same size teeth.
The gear Q moves in a clockwise direction.
Gear Q rotates at 6 revolutions per minute.
On Fig. 8.2, show the direction of rotation of gear R.
[1]
How many revolutions are completed by gear R in one minute?
Number of revolutions =........ per minute
[2]
The lid of a can of paint has a lip which makes it easier to open, using a lever.
The diagram below shows a screwdriver placed under the lip.
In an experiment, masses are added to the mass hanger to open the lid.
The mass hanger hangs at a distance of 0.20 m from the rim (pivot) of the can.
A total weight of 32 N of the hanging masses opens the lid.
Calculate the moment of this force.
[3]
9* Kai is doing experiments in the laboratory to determine the density of the two different liquids, and F.
He uses a measuring cylinder placed on a balance.
He then pours different volumes of liquid E into the measuring cylinder, and records the balance reading, as shown in Fig. 9.1. The balance reading is equal to the total mass of the measuring cylinder and the liquid.
He then empties the measuring cylinder, and repeats the same procedure with liquid F.
Kai’s results are shown in Fig. 9.2.
Compare the density of the liquids E and F.
Your answer should include calculations and a detailed analysis of Fig. 9.2.
Use the equation: density = mass ÷ volume
[6]
Use Fig. 10.2 to explain how the light intensity affects the resistance of the LDR.
[2]
The LDR is connected to a cell, an ammeter and a voltmeter.
The meter readings from the ammeter and voltmeter are used to determine the resistance of the LDR.
Complete Fig. 10.3 to show the likely circuit connected by Lyla and Alex.
[2]
Lyla and Alex worked in different parts of the laboratory to conduct their investigations.
Both used identical sheets of tracing paper and identical LDRs but their results were different.
Suggest one thing that must be kept the same to get identical results.
[1]
Suggest one improvement that needs to be made to get identical results.
[1]
The paper as printed
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