Relationships & processes within schools

Describe what is meant by an anti-school subculture.

Identify and explain one in-school factor that may explain social class differences in educational achievement as shown in Item C.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that gender differences in educational achievement are mainly due to factors outside of school.

What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe when a pupil accepts and acts according to the label that has been given to them by others?

Identify and describe one way in which the formal curriculum is different to the hidden curriculum.

From Item D, identify and describe one way in which the ‘lads’ were anti-school according to Willis, including what you know of his perspective on education.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teacher expectations have a significant effect on a student’s educational performance.

What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe a curriculum that is biased, coming from the point of view of one culture?

From Item D, identify and describe one way in which Ball believed that the banding of students affected their approach to learning and behaviour in school, including what you know of his perspective on education.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that ethnic differences in educational achievement are mainly due to factors inside schools.

What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe the grouping of students of different academic levels in the same class?

Identify and describe one counter school subculture.

Identify and explain one factor which might account for the gender differences in subject choice shown in Item C.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the way in which students are grouped together within the school can have a significant effect on their educational performance.

Identify and describe one example of how labelling may affect a student’s achievement in school.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that family background is the most important factor in explaining differences in students’ educational achievement.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that in-school factors are the main reasons for gender-based differences in subject options and career choices.

Identify and describe one type of pupil subculture that may be found in schools.

Identify and explain one in-school factor which might account for the differences in educational achievement between ethnic groups shown in Item C.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that gender differences in educational achievement are mainly due to factors outside schools.