Edexcel A Level Chemistry Paper 2: Advanced Organic and Physical Chemistry November 2021 question paper 9CH0/02

1h 45m 90 marks

12 questions

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What is the total number of ions in 26.4 g of ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄?

[Molar mass of (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 132 g mol⁻¹ Avogadro constant = 6.0 maths symbol 10²³ mol⁻¹]

$Question 1, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

The equation for the complete combustion of butane is

$Question 2, shown as an image$

What is the minimum volume of oxygen, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.), needed for the complete combustion of 0.200 mol of butane?

[Molar volume of a gas at r.t.p. = 24.0 dm³ mol⁻¹]

$Question 2, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

What is the systematic name for tiglic acid?

$Question 3, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

This question is about alkenes with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀.

(a)

Draw the skeletal formulae of three branched chain alkenes with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀.

(3)

Answer

(b)

Which of these compounds would form pent-2-ene only, when reacted with concentrated phosphoric acid, H₃PO₄?

$Question 4, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

(c)

(4)

Answer

(d)

A sample of pent-1-ene, with a mass of 1.33 g, is warmed to 60 °C in a sealed container. The volume of the container is 500 cm³.

Calculate the pressure inside the container. Include units and give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

[Gas constant (R) = 8.31 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹]

(4)

Answer

Compound X is a component of synthetic oils used as lubricants, for instance in the gearboxes of ships.

(a)

Name the three functional groups present in compound X.

(2)

Answer

(b)

The effectiveness of this synthetic oil is much reduced if it is contaminated with water.

Give, in terms of a chemical reaction, a possible reason for this.

(1)

Answer

(c)

An alternative to synthetic oil is known as mineral oil and consists solely of hydrocarbons separated from crude oil.

(c)(i)

What is the name of the process used to separate different hydrocarbons from crude oil?

$Question 5, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

(c)(ii)

Explain why compound X is likely to have a higher boiling temperature than hydrocarbons of a similar molecular mass and shape.

A detailed description of how the intermolecular forces arise is not required.

(2)

Answer

This question is about carbon monoxide, CO, which is a toxic and colourless gas used widely in the chemical industry.

(a)

Draw a dot-and-cross diagram of a molecule of carbon monoxide. Use dots (•) for the carbon electrons and crosses (×) for the oxygen electrons.

(2)

Answer

(b)

Carbon monoxide can be made by the thermal decomposition of sodium ethanedioate.

Calculate the atom economy, by mass, for the production of carbon monoxide in this reaction.

(2)

Answer

(c)

Carbon monoxide can also be made by the thermal decomposition of ethanal, CH₃CHO, in the gas phase.

$Question 6, shown as an image$

This reaction was carried out at two different temperatures, and all other variables were kept constant.

Temperature / K	Rate / mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹	1/Temperature (1/T) / K⁻¹	ln rate
700	0.0108	1.4310⁻³
850	4.90		1.59

(c)(i)

Complete the data in the table.

(1)

Answer

(c)(ii)

Calculate the activation energy, E_a, for the reaction without plotting a graph. Include a sign and units in your answer.

The Arrhenius equation may be written as

$Question 6, shown as an image$

(3)

Answer

(d)

Haemoglobin (Hb) found in red blood cells reacts almost irreversibly with carbon monoxide. Initial rate experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the concentrations of Hb and CO on the rate of this reaction.

Experiment	[Hb] / mol dm⁻³	[CO] / mol dm^–3	Rate / mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹
1	2.0910^–6	1.4010^–6	8.2010^–7
2	4.1810^–6	1.4010^–6	1.6410^–6
3	3.2610^–6	2.8010^–6	2.5610^–6

(d)(i)

Deduce the order of reaction with respect to haemoglobin.

(1)

Answer

(d)(ii)

Determine the order with respect to carbon monoxide using your answer to (d)(i) and the data in the table. Justify your answer.

(2)

Answer

(d)(iii)

Write the rate equation for this reaction using your answers to (d)(i) and (d)(ii).

(1)

Answer

(d)(iv)

Calculate the rate constant, k, for the reaction, using the data from Experiment 1 and the rate equation from (d)(iii). Include units in your answer.

(3)

Answer

This question is about polymers.

(a)

(6)

Answer

(b)

Give three ways in which waste polymers can be utilised to improve their sustainability.

(3)

Answer

This question is about a dicarboxylic acid Y which is present in some citrus fruits. Y contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

(a)

A sample of Y with a mass of 1.98 g was burned completely in excess oxygen. The reaction formed 2.51 g of carbon dioxide, CO₂, and 0.69 g of water, H₂O.

Use these data to calculate the empirical formula of Y.

(4)

Answer

(b)

A solution was prepared using 4.34 g of the dicarboxylic acid Y made up to a volume of 250 cm³ with distilled water.

A 25.0 cm³ sample of this solution was then titrated using sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq), of concentration 0.320 mol dm⁻³.

The mean titre of sodium hydroxide solution was 26.10 cm³.

Calculate the molar mass of Y using the titration data, and hence deduce its structure. You must show your working.

(5)

Answer

(c)

Which of these is used to convert a dicarboxylic acid into a diol?

$Question 8, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

(a)

In Step 1 another product also forms. The two products can be distinguished using their¹³C NMR spectra.

Complete the table to show the number of peaks in each¹³C NMR spectrum.

(2)

Answer

(b)

Calculate the minimum mass of phenol needed to synthesise 1.00 kg of paracetamol. [M_r values: paracetamol = 151.0 phenol = 94.0]

(3)

Answer

(c)

When metabolised in the body, paracetamol forms a toxic compound Z. This is then removed in the liver by a reaction with the tripeptide glutathione.

(c)(i)

The conversion of paracetamol to compound Z is

$Question 9, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

(c)(ii)

Draw a circle around each of the chiral carbon atoms in glutathione.

(1)

Answer

(c)(iii)

Glutathione is formed from glycine and two other amino acids.

Which two amino acids combine with glycine to form glutathione?

(1)

Answer

(d)

Explain why amino acids such as glycine are crystalline solids at room temperature.

(2)

Answer

(a)(i)

Write the equation for Reaction 1 to show why the pH of the solution is greater than 7. State symbols are not required.

(1)

Answer

(a)(ii)

Explain why phenylamine is a weaker base than butylamine.

(3)

Answer

(b)

Give the name and structural formula of the compound needed to react with butylamine in Reaction 2.

Structural formula_........

(2)

Answer

(c)

What is seen when excess butylamine is used in Reaction 3 ?

$Question 10, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

(d)(i)

What is the type and mechanism of the reaction in Reaction 4 ?

$Question 10, shown as an image$

(1)

Answer

(d)(ii)

(4)

Answer

A series of experiments was carried out to determine the kinetics of the reaction between a chloroalkane, RC l, and potassium hydroxide in aqueous solution. A large excess of the chloroalkane was used.

The data obtained are shown.

[OH⁻] / mol dm⁻³	Time / s
0.00100	39
0.00200	31
0.00300	23
0.00400	16
0.00500	8

(a)

Plot a graph of the concentration of the hydroxide ions against time.

(2)

Answer

(b)

State the order with respect to hydroxide ions. Justify your answer by reference to your graph in (a).

(2)

Answer

(c)

Deduce the type of mechanism occurring. Justify your answer.

(2)

Answer

(d)

Give the classification of the chloroalkane in this reaction.

(1)

Answer

The alcohol 2,2-dimethylbutan-1-ol has the structure

Devise a reaction scheme for a synthesis of this alcohol starting from 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. Include in your answer all reagents and conditions and the structures of any intermediate compounds.

(6)

Answer

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Edexcel 9CH0 · Paper 2

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