The Reformation in Europe

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying religious problems in the Holy Roman Empire in the years 1550 to 1556.

‘In c1517, the financial demands of the Church were a cause of widespread resentment.’

Assess the validity of this view.

To what extent was Luther responsible for the development of Protestant doctrine in the years 1524 to 1531?

‘The Council of Trent successfully strengthened the Catholic Church.’

Assess the validity of this view.

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying opposition to Calvinism in the years 1546 to 1553.

‘The secular influence of the Church was greater than its spiritual influence at the beginning of the 16th century.’

Assess the validity of this view.

‘It was the Catholic authorities’ response, in the years 1517 to 1520, to Luther’s 95 Theses which made him such a serious threat to the Church.’

Assess the validity of this view.

To what extent was the survival of Lutheranism, in the years 1531 to 1536, due to the strengths of its supporters?

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the Münster Rebellion.

‘Anti-clericalism damaged the Church in the years 1503 to 1517.’

Assess the validity of this view.

To what extent was support for Lutheranism amongst the German princes, in the years 1524 to 1531, the result of their political ambition?

‘The Jesuits had done more to respond to the criticisms of the Catholic Church than the first session of the Council of Trent by c1550.’

Assess the validity of this view.

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the condition of the Catholic Church before 1517.

‘The success of German Lutheranism, in the years 1521 to 1531, was due to its appeal in towns and cities.’

Assess the validity of this view.

To what extent was the revival of the Catholic Church, in the years 1536 to 1547, due to the reforms of Pope Paul III?

‘In the years 1555 to 1564, the spread of Calvinism in France and Scotland was the result of weak royal authority.’

Assess the validity of this view.

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the Catholic Reformation.

To what extent was the Catholic Church weakened by Humanism in the years 1500 to 1517?

‘Zwingli’s work in Zurich, in the years 1524 to 1531, did not result in a radical reformation.’

Assess the validity of this view.

‘The growing strength of the Protestant movement, in the years 1529 to 1536, was due to the weaknesses of Charles V.’

Assess the validity of this view.

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying Calvin’s Geneva.

‘The secular power and influence of the Catholic Church was unchallenged in the years 1500 to 1517.’

Assess the validity of this view.

To what extent was the development of Luther’s thought, in the years 1517 to 1521, a response to the opposition he faced?

To what extent was the Council of Trent a reaction to the growing strength of Protestantism?

With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the Society of Jesus.

To what extent was the Catholic Church weakened by humanism in the years c1500 to 1517?

‘The Peasants’ War of 1524/25 was brought about by social rather than religious issues.’

Assess the validity of this view.

‘The spread of Calvinism beyond Geneva in the 1550s was due to its widespread political appeal.’

Assess the validity of this view.