Edexcel A Level Physics Paper 1: Advanced Physics I November 2021 question paper 9PH0/01

The graph shows how a potential difference (p.d.) varies with time.

Which of the following is correct?

The π⁻ particle has a mass of 140 MeV / c².

Which row of the table is correct for the antiparticle of a π⁻?

A ball was dropped from rest, from a height above the ground. The ball bounced back up to about half its initial height.

Which graph shows how the velocity v of the ball varied with time t?

Questions 4 and 5 refer to the information below.

Two resistors are connected in parallel and the current in one of them is 2.0 A, as shown.

4 Which of the following is the current I in ampere?

A 3.0

B 4.0

C 5.0

D 6.0

Questions 4 and 5 refer to the information below.

Two resistors are connected in parallel and the current in one of them is 2.0 A, as shown.

5 Which of the following is the total resistance of the resistors in parallel?

A trapdoor is fixed to a vertical wall with a hinge. A wire is attached to the other end of the trapdoor and inclined at an angle of 60°, as shown. The wire holds the trapdoor horizontal.

Which of the following shows the free-body force diagram for the trapdoor?

A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a resistor are connected to a battery, as shown.

The intensity of light incident on the LDR increases.

Which row of the table describes the change in the resistance of the LDR and the change in the potential difference across the resistor?

A potential difference is applied across two parallel plates. A particle carrying a charge of +0.1 C is placed between the plates and experiences a force F.

The distance between the plates is halved. The potential difference remains constant.

Which of the following is now equal to the electric field strength between the plates?

A capacitor is connected to a power supply and charged to a potential difference V₀.

The graph shows how the potential difference V across the capacitor varies with the charge Q on the capacitor.

At a potential difference V₀ a small charge ∆Q is added to the capacitor. This results in a small increase in potential difference ∆ V across the capacitor.

Which of the following gives the approximate increase in energy stored on the capacitor due to this extra charge?

Which of the following is a unit of magnetic flux?

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth with a constant speed v. The orbit is circular and of radius r.

The diagram represents two positions, A and B, of ISS during its orbit.

Draw a labelled vector diagram, in the space below, of the velocities at the two positions that shows the acceleration is directed towards the centre of the orbit.

The ISS completes one orbit in 92 minutes.

Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the ISS.

r = 6800 km

Astronauts in the ISS are often described as being “weightless”.

Discuss whether the astronauts are “weightless” when they are orbiting the Earth in the ISS.

In the game of golf a stationary ball is hit by a club. One of the aims of the game is to land the ball on a patch of ground called the green.

The graph shows how the force F exerted by the club on the ball varies with time t as the ball is hit.

State why the area under the graph represents impulse.

Show that the velocity of the ball is about 30 m s⁻¹ immediately after it is hit by the club.

mass of ball = 0.046 kg

The ball has a time of flight of 3.5 s before landing. The green is a vertical distance of 7.5 m above the point at which the ball was hit, as shown. The green is about seventy metres away from where the ball is hit.

Deduce whether, if air resistance is ignored, the ball could land on the green after a flight time of 3.5 s.

The diagram shows two parallel metal plates with a potential difference (p.d.) of 100 V across them. Three equipotential lines are shown.

Draw lines to represent the electric field in the shaded area.

A parallel plate capacitor consists of a thin layer of insulator of thickness d between two plates of conducting material of area A.

The capacitor has a capacitance 0.1 μF and is charged to a p.d. of 100 V by connecting it to an electrical supply.

The capacitor is then disconnected from the supply and the p.d. between the two plates slowly decreases. This is because the insulator is not perfect and a small charge can flow through it.

The graph shows how the p.d. varies with time.

The insulator is a type of plastic and should have a resistivity greater than 10¹⁴Ω m.

Deduce whether the plastic used in this capacitor has a resistivity greater than this value.

A = 5.6 10⁻³m²

d = 0.6 10⁻⁶m

The world solar challenge is set every two years, in Australia. The challenge is to complete a three thousand kilometre route with a vehicle powered only by the Sun.

Vehicles have their surfaces fitted with solar panels, as shown in the photograph.

(Source: © LAURENT DOUEK/LOOK AT SCIENCES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)

One of the solar panels has an e.m.f. of 8.2 V when in sunlight. The terminal potential difference is 5.5 V when a current of 0.45 A is drawn from the solar panel.

Calculate the internal resistance of the solar panel in these conditions.

A bank of 380 of these solar panels is used to charge the battery in a vehicle. The panels are connected in parallel and the current provided by each panel is 0.45 A. When fully charged, the energy stored in the battery is 12 kW h.

Calculate the time, in hours, to fully charge this battery if the solar panels are in sunlight. Assume the efficiency of charging this battery is 100%.

The vehicle can reach a maximum speed of 34 m s⁻¹ on flat ground. The electric motor used to move the vehicle has a power of 4.5 kW.

Calculate the initial acceleration of the vehicle as it starts from rest.

mass of vehicle and driver = 420 kg

State one assumption made in this calculation.

Solar power alone would not be suitable for a family car because it is not sunny all the time.

Give two further reasons why solar power alone would not be suitable.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Rutherford carried out large-angle alpha particle scattering experiments using gold (¹⁹⁷₇₉Au) foil. The vast majority of the alpha particles went straight through the foil whilst a few were deflected straight back.

Describe how the model of the atom changed, as a consequence of these experiments.

In one experiment the alpha particles had an initial energy of 7.7 MeV.

Calculate the distance of closest approach of the alpha particles to the nucleus of a gold atom. Assume that the gold nucleus remains at rest.

Rutherford also carried out the experiment with aluminium (₁₃²⁷Al) foil. The aluminium foil had the same thickness as the gold foil and the alpha particles had the same initial kinetic energy.

The following observations were made.

Observation 1: The fraction of alpha particles scattered at any particular angle for aluminium foil was always much less than for gold foil.

Observation 2: The alpha particles scattered from aluminium foil had less kinetic energy than the alpha particles scattered from gold foil.

Explain how these observations can be used to deduce how an aluminium nucleus compares to a gold nucleus.

The bubble chamber photograph shows tracks made by a proton and a pion. The proton and pion were both created by the decay of a lambda particle. No other particles were produced.

*(a) Explain how observations and measurements from the photograph can be used to establish information about the lambda particle.

The lambda particle consists of up, down and strange quarks.

Explain how the conservation of charge, baryon number and lepton number apply to the decay of the lambda particle.

Write an equation to represent the decay of the lambda (Λ) particle.

The rest mass of the lambda particle is 1115 MeV / c².

Calculate this mass in kg.

The rest mass of a proton is 940 MeV / c². The rest mass of a pion is 140 MeV / c².

The kinetic energy of the lambda particle just before decay is 4.95 GeV.

Calculate the total kinetic energy of the proton and pion in MeV.

The diagrams show the plan view and side view of a moving coil ammeter.

The fixed soft iron cylinder and magnets produce a uniform magnetic field of magnetic flux density B. The coil is able to rotate within this magnetic field. The coil has width w and length l. There is a current I in the coil in the direction shown in the side view diagram.

Explain which way the coil will rotate.

Show that the moment M on the coil about the pivot, due to the magnetic field, is given by

M = BAIN

where A is the cross-sectional area of the coil N is the number of turns of wire on the coil.

An ammeter of this type has a resistance of 625 Ω and will measure a maximum current of 1.6 mA.

The ammeter can be adapted to measure potential difference by adding a resistor in series with the ammeter. This resistor is known as a multiplier.

The ammeter is adapted so that it can measure potential differences up to 5.0 V as shown.

The following multipliers are available:

200 Ω 2500 Ω 3125 Ω 3750 Ω

Deduce which multiplier should be used.

The coil within a very sensitive moving coil ammeter can be damaged when the ammeter is transported. The two ends of the coil are connected together when the ammeter is transported. This reduces the movement of the coil and makes it less likely to be damaged.

A student suggests that this is due to Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law.

Explain how these laws apply to this situation.