Light from a lamp passes through two polarising filters, P1 and P2, as shown. The light intensity is recorded by a detector.
The filters initially have their planes of polarisation parallel.
Both filters are rotated in the same direction.
Which row of the table gives the changes that result in the minimum intensity of light at
A source of light is viewed through a polarising filter, as shown in photograph 1.
The filter is rotated through an angle and then viewed, as shown in photograph 2.
Photograph 1
Photograph 2
Which row of the table shows whether the light emitted by the source is polarised or unpolarised, and the angle of rotation of the filter?
The lens in the eye of an octopus focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye.
The octopus focuses on objects at different distances from the eye by changing the shape of the eye to move the lens closer or further from the retina.
The power of an octopus lens is 118 D.
Show that the focal length of the lens is about 8.5 mm.
Calculate the shortest distance from the eye at which an object may be focused clearly on the retina.
maximum distance from lens to retina = 2.0 cm
The lens in the eye of an octopus is in contact with seawater. The refractive index of freshwater is less than the refractive index of seawater.
Deduce what would happen to the shortest distance from the eye at which an object may be focused clearly if the octopus was in freshwater.
Calculate the speed of light in seawater.
refractive index of seawater = 1.37
An octopus can detect the orientation of polarised light.
State what is meant by polarised light.
Filter Y is rotated by 45° as shown.
Which angle of rotation of Z will result in the lowest intensity of light?
Which of the following wave properties is not exhibited by sound waves?
*15
The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate polarising filters.
The arrows show the orientation of the plane of polarisation of the filters.
Light is incident on filter 1 and the intensity of the light is measured, using the light detector, when the filters are in the positions shown.
Filter 2 is then rotated and the intensity of light is measured for different angles of rotation θ.
The intensity of light measured with no filters present is I0. The results are shown on the graph.
Explain the effect of the filters on the intensity of light and why the intensity varies as shown.
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