AQA A Level Psychology Paper 1: Introductory Topics in Psychology November 2021 question paper 7182/1

Describe how Zimbardo investigated conformity to social roles.

Fewer and fewer people use single-use plastic items, such as water bottles and plastic straws.

Using your knowledge of social influence processes in social change, explain why fewer and fewer people are using single-use plastic items.

A researcher wanted to investigate whether there was a relationship between locus of control and resistance to social influence. Before the investigation began, he devised a questionnaire to measure locus of control.

Why would the researcher’s questionnaire produce primary data? Suggest one limitation of primary data.

To assess the questionnaire’s validity, the researcher gave it to 30 participants and recorded the results. He then gave the same 30 participants an established questionnaire measuring locus of control. The researcher found a weak positive correlation between the two sets of results, suggesting that his questionnaire had low validity.

Explain how the validity of the researcher’s questionnaire could be improved.

Discuss legitimacy of authority as an explanation for obedience.

Apart from the central executive, name and briefly outline two other components of the working memory model.

Evaluate the central executive as part of the working memory model.

Natasha had studied a lot for her A-level Drama performance, mostly practising lines from a play alone in her room. However, once on stage in front of her teacher and the examiners, Natasha struggled to remember her lines. Instead, she kept quoting lines from a different play she had once learnt for GCSE.

Discuss retrieval failure and interference as explanations for forgetting. Refer to Natasha’s drama performance in your answer.

Annie feeds her newborn baby regularly and they have formed a strong bond.

According to the learning theory of attachment, before any attachment had been formed, the milk Annie gives her baby is best described as:

Shade one box only.

A a conditioned stimulus.

B a neutral stimulus.

C an unconditioned response.

D an unconditioned stimulus.

According to the learning theory of attachment, now she has formed an attachment with her baby, Annie is best described as:

Shade one box only.

A a conditioned stimulus.

B a neutral stimulus.

C an unconditioned response.

D an unconditioned stimulus.

Outline one difference in attachment behaviours shown by infants who have an insecure-avoidant attachment and infants who have an insecure-resistant attachment.

These different attachment types were first identified in Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’.

Evaluate the procedure known as the ‘Strange Situation’.

Researchers investigated whether the experience of bullying is influenced by attachment type. They interviewed teenagers about their early attachment experiences . Following the interviews, the teenagers were categorised into two groups based on their attachment type:

• Group 1 – secure attachment in childhood

• Group 2 – insecure attachment (insecure-avoidant or insecure-resistant) in childhood.

During the interview, the teenagers were also asked about their experience of bullying. They were categorised as either:

• having had experience of bullying, or

• having had no experience of bullying.

Which statistical test would be most suitable to analyse the data in this investigation? With reference to this investigation, explain three reasons for your choice of test.

Discuss the influence of early attachment on childhood relationships. Refer to the likely results of the study in Question 13 in your answer.

Identify two behavioural characteristics of depression.

Briefly outline one way that a cognitive psychologist might treat depression by challenging irrational thoughts.

Describe the biological approach to treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Discuss statistical infrequency and deviation from social norms as definitions of abnormality.