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A researcher studying depression wanted to see whether or not there was a relationship between level of self-esteem and negative schema score. She constructed two questionnaires and asked ten people who had been diagnosed with depression to complete them.
One questionnaire measured the participant’s level of self-esteem. A low score (out of 50) indicated low self-esteem.
The other questionnaire measured whether the participant showed evidence of negative schema. A low score (out of 50) indicated evidence of negative schema. The two sets of results for each participant are shown in the table below.
Table 1 Self-esteem score and negative schema score for each patient
| Participant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Self-esteem score | 8 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 22 |
| Negative schema score | 11 | 15 | 13 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 20 | 16 | 17 | 19 |
Is negative schema score best described as measuring a cognitive, emotional or behavioural characteristic of depression? Shade one box only.