OCR A Level Psychology Research methods June 2023 question paper H567/01

Which of these is an ethical consideration acknowledged by the BPS (British Psychological Society)?

A compassion

B competence

C complacence

D compliance

A group of 220 people answer a question about whether they prefer the colour blue or the colour red. 160 people state that they prefer the colour blue and 60 people state that they prefer the colour red. Which of the following shows these findings expressed as a ratio in its simplest form?

A 8: 3

B 9: 5

C 16: 5

D 40: 15

Which of these descriptive statistics involves a comparison to 100 as a reference?

A mean

B median

C mode

D percentage

Which inferential statistical test at some stage involves a calculation based on the number of rows of data and the number of columns of data?

A Chi-square

B Mann-Whitney U test

C Spearman’s Rho

D Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test

Which of these would be the appropriate inferential test to use to analyse the data in a study investigating the difference in reaction times to two types of stimuli (a light versus a bell) that obtains data from the same people in each condition?

A Chi Square

B Mann-Whitney U test

C Spearman’s Rho

D Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test

In research, which of the following best describes what ‘primary data’ is?

A data that has not been collected by the researcher(s)

B data that is obtained directly from the sample by the researcher(s)

C data that is obtained first in the research

D data that is the most important to use

If the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected, what type of error is said to have been made?

A a type 1 error

B a type 2 error

C both a type 1 and a type 2 error

D neither a type 1 nor a type 2 error

What type of observation is done in a way that the participants will be unaware that they are being watched?

A controlled

B covert

C overt

D unstructured

Which of these best describes what the variance informs us of?

A dispersion around the mean

B dispersion around the median

C dispersion around the mode

D dispersion around the range

In Milgram’s (1963) study of obedience, 14 of the 40 participants were disobedient. What is this expressed as a percentage?

A 5.6%

B 14%

C 35%

D 65%

Which of the following was used in Experiment 2 of Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) study into eyewitness memory?

A both independent and repeated measures design

B independent measures design

C matched participants design

D repeated measures design

What is 5% expressed as a fraction?

If this data (48, 24, 39, 50, 32, 39) was ranked, what rank would be assigned to 39?

A 2.5

B 3.5

C 4

D 4.5

In which of these distribution curves is the mean, median and mode all the same value?

A bimodal

B negatively skewed

C normal

D positively skewed

For which of these inferential statistical tests can the sample size in each condition be different?

A Binomial Sign test

B Mann-Whitney U test

C Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test

D none of them (sample sizes always have to be equal in each condition)

What is 25.8961 written to two decimal places?

A 25

B 25.88

C 25.89

D 25.90

Which of these is not a laboratory experimental design?

A alternative measures

B independent measures

C matched participants

D repeated measures

Which of these is not a sampling technique that can be used to obtain participants for research?

A creative

B opportunity

C random

D self-selected

Which type of validity refers to the agreement between two measures or assessments taken at the same time?

A concurrent

B construct

C criterion

D face

Which measure of central tendency looks for the most frequently occurring response in the data?

A mean

B median

C mode

D none of them

A clean smell?

The aroma of freshly baked bread, the smell of newly ground coffee and the scent of a nice fragrance. We associate different smells with different people and situations, and our sense of smell can even influence how we behave. Sometimes this can be immediate and direct, such as making us feel hungry, but it can also be more indirect. For example, the smell of lemons is often associated with cleanliness. To study this further, psychologists want to use the experimental method to investigate if people leave less litter in a room filled with the smell of lemons compared to one that smells of nothing.

21 Write a one-tailed alternative hypothesis for this study.

22* Explain how you would conduct a study using the laboratory experimental method to investigate if there is a difference in the amount of litter left in a room filled with the smell of lemons compared to a room that has no smell. Justify your decisions as part of your explanation. You must refer to:

• the sampling technique used to obtain participants for the study

• how you would operationalise the dependent variable to obtain quantitative data

• details of how one ethical consideration would be addressed

• the control of one extraneous variable.

You should use your own experience of practical activities to inform your response.

An independent measures design could have been used in this study.

Outline one strength of using an independent measures design in this study.

Outline one weakness of using an independent measures design in this study.

Suggest one open question you could use to obtain some additional information in this study.

Evaluate the use of this open question in this study.

Evaluate the use of the laboratory experimental method in this study.

Explain what ranking the data means.

Explain why there are three ranks of 17.

Calculate the mean rating of friendliness in each condition. Show your workings.

Draw a fully labelled bar chart showing the mean rating of friendliness in each condition in this study.

Outline one conclusion that can be reached from the information in this bar chart.

Explain why it may have been better to use the median to calculate the measure of central tendency in this study rather than the mean.

Calculate the U value for the data collected in this study using the Mann-Whitney U test formula provided. Show your workings.

Write the significance statement for the analysis performed on this data.

No qualitative data was collected in this study. Explain why this is a weakness of this study.

Identify and explain two factors that could have affected the reliability of the data collected in this study.