OCR GCSE Biology A (Gateway) Paper 1 Foundation June 2022 question paper J247/01

What does one DNA nucleotide consist of?

A A phosphate and sugar backbone

B A sugar, a phosphate and a base

C Four bases, A, C, T and G

D Two different sugars and a base

Which molecule is produced in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in animals?

A ATP

B Glucose

C Lactic acid

D Oxygen

What do electron microscopes have that allow scientists to see cells in greater detail?

A A high magnification and a high resolution

B A high magnification and a low resolution

C A low magnification and a high resolution

D A low magnification and a low resolution

Which blood vessels have valves along their length?

A Arteries and capillaries

B Arteries, veins and capillaries

C Capillaries

D Veins

When one cell divides by mitosis, how many new cells are produced?

A 1

B 2

C 4

D 8

What word describes the amino acids that join to make a protein molecule?

A Enzymes

B Monomers

C Nucleotides

D Polymers

A student investigates the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

They count the number of gas bubbles released by a plant under water. The table shows their results.

Which number could be classed as anomalous (an outlier)?

A 6

B 8

C 11

D 19

DNA consists of two strands. This is the base sequence found in one strand:

ATT

Which is the complementary base sequence of the second strand?

One symptom of diabetes is glucose in the urine. Which biochemical test is used to confirm the presence of glucose in the urine?

A Benedict’s

B Biuret

C Ethanol (emulsion)

D Iodine

Visking tubing is made of a selectively permeable membrane. A visking tubing bag containing starch solution is placed in a beaker of water.

What will happen?

A Nothing will happen.

B Starch will leave the visking tubing bag.

C Water will enter the visking tubing bag.

D Water will leave the visking tubing bag.

The diagram shows a red blood cell from a person who has sickle cell anaemia. This condition results in red blood cells that are sickle shaped.

People with sickle cell anaemia can feel tired. Which statement about sickle cells explains why?

A They contain a nucleus.

B They have a smaller surface area.

C They have more haemoglobin.

D They leave capillaries and enter tissues.

The diagram below shows the distribution of auxin in a shoot.

What will happen to the shoot?

A The shoot will bend to the left.

B The shoot will bend to the right.

C The shoot will grow upwards and will not bend.

D The shoot will not grow.

The diagram shows the lock and key hypothesis of how enzymes work.

Which letter, A, B, C or D represents the active site of the enzyme?

Which row shows the correct type of reaction for photosynthesis and for respiration?

The diagram shows a potometer.

A student wants to test the hypothesis that the number of stomata on a plant affects water loss.

They first record the distance the gas bubble moves in 10 minutes.

What should the student do next before taking a second reading to test this hypothesis?

A Cover the plant with a black plastic bag.

B Remove some of the leaves.

C Repeat the test in a warmer room.

D Use an electric fan to move the air.

A student observes the stages of cell division in cells taken from the root tips of garlic.

They cut a small amount of root tip and squash it onto a microscope slide.

Complete each sentence to describe what they do next. Use words from the list.

coverslip eyepiece focus light

objective stage stain water

To make the chromosomes more visible, the student adds a few drops of........

The slide is then placed on the microscope........

The student first chooses the low power........ lens.

The student twists a knob on the side of the microscope to bring the image into........

The image shows some of the cells observed by the student.

Identify one cell in the image that shows the chromosomes starting to move apart.

Draw an arrow to this cell on the image. Label the arrow A.

Draw a second arrow to identify one nucleus in the image. Label this arrow N.

Give one reason why the tissue for the sample was taken from root tips.

Fig. 17.1 shows a section through a human heart.

On Fig. 17.1 draw an arrow to identify one valve. Label the arrow V.

On Fig. 17.1 draw a second arrow to identify one atrium. Label this arrow A.

The left ventricle has more muscle than the right ventricle.

Explain why.

The heart circulates blood around the body three times every minute.

Calculate how many times blood will circulate around the body in one hour.

A student writes some notes about veins:

Veins are large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. They have a smooth lining and a narrow lumen.

The student has made one mistake in their notes. Identify the mistake they have made.

The human circulatory system is described as a double circulatory system. Explain why.

Photosynthesis, transpiration and translocation are three processes occurring in plants.

Draw three lines to connect each description to its correct process.

Then draw three lines to connect each process to the structure where that process takes place.

Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells and bacteria are prokaryotic cells.

Plant cells and bacterial cells have similarities and differences between their structures.

Give one similarity and one difference.

Similarity........

Difference........

A boat with ten people onboard capsizes and all ten people are found in the sea.

The first aiders at the scene take the body temperature of each of the ten people.

Calculate the mean temperature of the ten people rescued. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

If a person’s body temperature is below 35 °C, they are classed as hypothermic.

What percentage of those rescued would be classed as hypothermic?

Describe how the body responds to hypothermia.

The body needs to maintain a constant body temperature.

Write down one other feature of the internal environment of the body that should be kept constant.

A study in the British Medical Journal looked at 35 488 people to see if there were differences in individuals’ normal body temperatures.

They found the following:

• the mean body temperature was 36.6 °C

• 95% of the population had a body temperature between 35.7 °C and 37.3 °C.

The study did not include people with infections or severe illnesses.

The British Medical Journal is a peer-reviewed journal. Explain why scientists publish their results in peer-reviewed journals.

Explain why the study did not include people with infections or severe illnesses.

Give one reason why a study such as this should have a large sample size.

A person is finding it difficult to read road signs at a distance whilst driving.

Describe the eye defect this person could have.

Suggest how this eye defect can be corrected.

Write down the role of the ciliary body in the eye.

A condition called dry eye can be caused by damage to the corneal cells in the eye.

• Dry eye can now be treated using stem cells.

• The stem cells are taken from the patient’s own tissues and not from a donor.

Suggest why the stem cells used in this treatment are taken from the patient’s own tissues.

21* When a fly lands on a horse, the horse’s skin shivers.

This response to the fly is a reflex action.

Describe the sequence of events that occurs in the body of the horse to produce this response.

Use ideas about reflex arcs in your answer.

The graph shows the number of patients with diabetes in the UK and the USA from 1980 to 2015.

How many patients had diabetes in the UK in the year 2000?

Number =........ million

Calculate the difference between the number of patients with diabetes in the UK and the number with diabetes in USA for the year 2000.

Number =........ million

Describe how the number of patients with diabetes has changed in both countries from 1980 to 2015.

The numbers presented in this graph may not be accurate.

Suggest why.

Diabetes can be Type 1 or Type 2.

Describe two differences between the treatments for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Lipase is an enzyme produced in the human digestive system. It breaks down lipids.

Fig. 23.1 shows the steps in lipid digestion.

Fig. 23.1

Step 3
Step 4

Complete the labels in Fig. 23.1.

Lipase is found in the small intestine where the pH is alkaline.

Draw a curve on Fig. 23.2 to show the effect the pH will have on the rate of reaction for the digestion of lipids by lipase.

Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink in an alkaline solution of pH 10.

When lipase breaks down lipids, the indicator goes colourless.

A group of students investigate how temperature affects the enzymes that break down lipids found in milk.

Describe an experiment that the students could use to investigate the effect of temperature on the breakdown of the lipids found in milk.

In your description include:

• how the independent variable could be changed

• the observations that should be made

• two variables that need to be controlled.

To change the independent variable, I will........

The observations I make will be to........

I will need to control........

The female menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones. As women get older, they go through a stage called menopause when their periods stop.

• Doctors can determine if a woman is going through menopause by measuring the level of FSH in their blood.

• If the FSH level goes above 30 ml U / mL, this indicates that menopause may have started.

A patient has her FSH levels measured each month for six months as shown in the table.

Complete the bar chart for the remaining values from the table.

Finish the scales for both axes.

What evidence is there to suggest this patient may have started menopause?

The doctor decides they need more evidence to confirm if the patient has started menopause.

Suggest what further evidence the doctor should collect.

The doctor discusses a treatment called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with the patient.

The doctor gives the patient a leaflet about HRT.

A 56-year-old patient is deciding if she should take HRT. She is overweight.

Discuss what factors the patient should consider when trying to decide whether to take HRT.