The water cycle

Figure 4 shows part of the water cycle.

Name processes A and B shown on Figure 4.

Water that is safe to drink is called potable water.

Give two methods used to sterilise potable water.

Explain why it is more expensive to produce potable water from sea water than from river water.

Waste water must be treated to produce potable water.

Waste water from fields where crops are growing may contain chemicals.

Suggest two types of chemical from fields where crops are growing that must be removed from waste water.

Figure 12 shows some of the processes in the water cycle.

Name process A and process B.

shows the locations of fresh water on Earth.

Calculate the amount of fresh water in lakes as a percentage of the total amount of fresh water.

Give two ways humans pollute the water in lakes.

Do not refer to litter, plastic pollution or rubbish.

The surface of a lake can freeze if the water at the surface of the lake cools to 0 °C.

Figure 14 shows the temperature of the water at increasing depth in a lake in winter.

Suggest why organisms in the lake can survive in winter.

Use Figure 14.

The middle layer of water is from 7 metres below the surface to 15 metres below the surface.

The temperature at a depth of 7 metres below the surface is 0 °C.

Determine the change in temperature per metre in the middle layer of water.

Use the equation:

Write down the equation which links density (ρ), mass (m) and volume (V).

The density of ice is 920 kg/m³.

Calculate the volume of 2.3 kg of ice.

Volume = m³ __________________

Describe a method to measure the mass and volume of a liquid.

Figure 3 shows some of the processes in the water cycle.

Name process A and process B.

2 Figure 4 shows the locations of fresh water on Earth.

Calculate the amount of fresh water in lakes as a percentage of the total amount of fresh water.

Give two ways humans pollute the water in lakes.

Do not refer to litter, plastic pollution or rubbish.

The surface of a lake can freeze if the water at the surface of the lake cools to 0 °C.

Figure 5 shows the temperature of the water at increasing depth in a lake in winter.

Suggest why organisms in the lake can survive in winter.

Use Figure 5.

The middle layer of water is from 7 metres below the surface to 15 metres below the surface.

The temperature at a depth of 7 metres below the surface is 0 °C.

Determine the change in temperature per metre in the middle layer of water.

Use the equation:

Write down the equation which links density (ρ), mass (m) and volume (V).

The density of ice is 920 kg/m³.

Calculate the volume of 2.3 kg of ice.

Volume = m³ __________________

Describe a method to measure the mass and volume of a liquid.

This question is about gases in the atmosphere.

Table 1 shows the percentage of gases in Earth’s early atmosphere and in Earth’s atmosphere today.

Which gas has the largest percentage in Earth’s atmosphere today?

Tick (✓) one box.

What is value X in Table 1 ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Describe three differences between Earth’s early atmosphere and Earth’s atmosphere today.

Use Table 1.

What released the gases into Earth’s early atmosphere?

Tick (✓) one box.

One of the other gases in Earth’s atmosphere today is water vapour.

Water can exist in three different states of matter.

Figure 1 shows the different states of water.

Name processes A and B.

Water vapour precipitates as rain.

Name one other form of precipitation of water from the atmosphere.

Do not refer to rain in your answer.

Figure 2 shows the rainfall from March to September in the UK.

What was the rainfall in the month of April?

Describe the pattern in rainfall between March and September.

Include data from Figure 2 in your answer.

Water is cycled through the environment.

Rain provides fresh water.

Fresh water in the ground contains small amounts of dissolved substances.

Suggest one source of these dissolved substances.

Figure 5 shows the total monthly rainfall from November 2017 to October 2018 in the UK.

Give two conclusions you can make from the data shown in Figure 5.

Determine the percentage increase in rainfall in the month of January 2018 compared to the month of November 2017.

Suggest one reason why scientists cannot accurately predict the total rainfall in the UK for November 2020.

A student produced distilled water from fresh water.

Figure 6 shows the apparatus used.

The student stated that the thermometer measured the boiling point of water.

The reading on the thermometer was 102 ºC

Describe how the apparatus can be changed to obtain the correct value for the boiling point of water.

Give one reason why the change is needed to obtain the correct value.

The student collected less distilled water than expected from a sample of fresh water.

Suggest one change to the apparatus to increase the volume of distilled water collected from the fresh water sample.

Give one reason why this suggestion would increase the volume of distilled water collected.

Sea water in some parts of the world is used to produce potable water.

Distillation can be used to desalinate sea water.

Explain one disadvantage of using distillation to obtain potable water.

Name one other method used for desalination.

Do not refer to distillation in your answer.