Plant tissues & organs

Photosynthesis is important for plant growth.

A student used pondweed to investigate photosynthesis.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus used.

This is the method used.

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3.

2. Switch on the lamp.

3. After 1 hour, record the volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder.

4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 a further four times, placing the lamp at different distances from the pondweed.

What are two control variables the student should use in the investigation?

Tick () two boxes.

Table 2 shows the results.

Describe the trend shown in Table 2.

Figure 4 shows the volume of oxygen when the lamp was 10 cm from the pondweed.

What volume of oxygen is shown in Figure 4 ?

The student repeated the investigation using a measuring cylinder with smaller

What did using smaller intervals improve?

Tick () one box.

The student did the investigation at 10 °C.

The student repeated the investigation at 20 °C.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Compared to the results at 10 °C, the volumes of oxygen collected

in one hour at 20 °C would be.

Give a reason for your answer.

Photosynthesis is important for apple trees.

Figure 5 shows a section through the leaf of an apple tree.

What is tissue A ?

Tick () one box.

The cells in tissue A contain chloroplasts.

What is the name of the green chemical in chloroplasts?

Apple scab is a disease of apple trees.

Apple scab is caused by a fungus.

Figure 6 shows a leaf from an apple tree infected with apple scab fungus.

How could the fungal infection be removed from the tree?

Tick () one box.

Infection with apple scab fungus decreases the number of chloroplasts in the leaves.

Explain why apple trees with apple scab fungus produce smaller apples than apple trees that are not infected.

This question is about plants.

Some plants can respire anaerobically.

Which are the two products of anaerobic respiration in plants?

Tick () two boxes.

Figure 6 shows the structure of part of a leaf

What is the name of tissue A ?

Explain how tissue A is adapted to its function.

Plants absorb water from the soil.

Describe how water is transported from the soil through plant tissues to the atmosphere.

A leaf is a plant organ.

Figure 4 shows tissues in a leaf.

Which tissue is the epidermis?

Tick (✓) one box.

Explain how the spongy mesophyll is adapted for its function.

Use Figure 4.

The xylem is adapted to transport water through a plant.

Explain one way that xylem is adapted for its function.

Figure 5 shows a pair of guard cells around a stoma.

During the day, glucose is made in the guard cells.

Describe how an increase in glucose concentration in the guard cells causes the stoma to open.

Figure 2 shows a section through a leaf.

Give one way that the palisade layer is adapted for photosynthesis.

Gases pass into and out of the leaf through small pores in the surface of the leaf.

What are the small pores labelled X called?

Tick (✓) one box.

A student viewed a section of a leaf using a microscope.

The student measured the length of one of the palisade cells.

The cell image measured 28 mm in length when viewed at a magnification of ×400

Calculate the real length of the palisade cell in millimetres (mm).

Use the equation:

Convert the real length of the cell from millimetres to micrometres (µm).

1 mm = 1000 µm

Carbon dioxide can move into and out of cells.

What is the process by which carbon dioxide can move into and out of cells?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of four cells.

Each cell is surrounded by carbon dioxide molecules.

Which cell will carbon dioxide move into at the fastest rate?

Give a reason for your answer.

Tick (✓) one box.

A student investigated the effect of different colours of light on the rate of photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows some of the apparatus the student used.

The student placed the apparatus in blue light, then in green light and then in red light.

The student measured the rate of photosynthesis in each colour of light.

What two measurements should the student make to calculate the rate of photosynthesis?

Give two variables the student should keep the same in this investigation.

Table 2 shows the results.

Complete Figure 5.

You should:

• label the y-axis

• use a suitable scale

• plot the data from Table 2 as a bar chart

• label each bar.

Look at Table 2.

What colour of light should be used to grow plants in a greenhouse?

Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about organisation in living organisms.

Write the biological structures from the box in the correct size order.

Name one animal organ.

Which is a plant tissue?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 5 shows part of a root viewed using a microscope.

Figure 5

This image cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright restrictions

Explain how a root hair cell is specialised for its function.

Figure 6 shows a microscope.

It is easier to view the cells using the low power objective lens first.

Give one reason why.

To focus the image the objective lens should be moved away from the stage.

Give one reason why the objective lens should not be moved towards the stage.

The image of the prepared slide in Figure 6 is viewed with the ×10 objective lens.

The total magnification is ×50

What was the power of the eyepiece lens used?

Root hair cells do not contain chloroplasts.

Suggest one reason why.

Figure 8 shows a root hair viewed using a microscope.

The root hair was viewed at a magnification of ×50 The image length of the root hair X – Y is 43 mm Calculate the real length of the root hair in micrometres (µm).

A microscope has a ×5 eyepiece lens. Describe how to use this microscope to observe a prepared slide of root hair cells at a magnification of ×50

Root hair cells absorb water and mineral ions from the soil. A scientist investigated the rate of nitrate ion uptake by two seedlings. Figure 9 shows how the investigation was set up.

The scientist determined the mass of nitrate ions absorbed by each seedling every 30 minutes for 4 hours. Table 5 shows the results.

Describe the changes in the rate of absorption of nitrate ions for the seedling with no oxygen added. Use information from Table 5.

Explain what the results in Table 5 show about how nitrate ions are absorbed.

Nitrate ions are essential for plants to grow. Describe how nitrate ions are used in a plant to help the plant grow.