AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 1 Foundation June 2022 question paper 8464/B/1F

Foods are digested before they are absorbed into the blood.

Figure 1 shows organs in the human digestive system.

Which organ is the stomach?

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What type of enzyme is produced in the stomach?

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Which term describes the pH in the stomach?

Give one reason why the stomach is this pH.

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Which organ produces bile?

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How does bile help in the digestion of foods?

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A student tested different foods for the presence of protein, starch and sugar.

Draw one line from each food molecule to the reagent used to test for the food molecule.

Food molecule
Reagent

Give one safety precaution a student should take when using Benedict’s solution.

Table 1 shows the results for one food sample.

Which of the tests show positive results?

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Starch molecules are not absorbed into the blood from the digestive system.

Give one reason why.

Figure 2 shows a section through a leaf.

Give one way that the palisade layer is adapted for photosynthesis.

Gases pass into and out of the leaf through small pores in the surface of the leaf.

What are the small pores labelled X called?

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A student viewed a section of a leaf using a microscope.

The student measured the length of one of the palisade cells.

The cell image measured 28 mm in length when viewed at a magnification of ×400

Calculate the real length of the palisade cell in millimetres (mm).

Use the equation:

Convert the real length of the cell from millimetres to micrometres (µm).

1 mm = 1000 µm

Carbon dioxide can move into and out of cells.

What is the process by which carbon dioxide can move into and out of cells?

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Figure 3 shows a diagram of four cells.

Each cell is surrounded by carbon dioxide molecules.

Which cell will carbon dioxide move into at the fastest rate?

Give a reason for your answer.

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A student investigated the effect of different colours of light on the rate of photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows some of the apparatus the student used.

The student placed the apparatus in blue light, then in green light and then in red light.

The student measured the rate of photosynthesis in each colour of light.

What two measurements should the student make to calculate the rate of photosynthesis?

Give two variables the student should keep the same in this investigation.

Table 2 shows the results.

Complete Figure 5.

You should:

• label the y-axis

• use a suitable scale

• plot the data from Table 2 as a bar chart

• label each bar.

Look at Table 2.

What colour of light should be used to grow plants in a greenhouse?

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This question is about disease.

Rose black spot is a disease where black spots develop on the leaves of rose plants.

What type of pathogen causes rose black spot disease?

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Plants with rose black spot disease often have yellow leaves.

Suggest one reason why the leaves are yellow instead of green.

Explain why plants with yellow leaves grow slowly.

The spread of rose black spot can be controlled using different methods.

Draw one line from each method of control to the explanation of how it works.

Method of control
Explanation

Tobacco plants may become infected with a pathogen called TMV.

What type of pathogen is TMV?

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Malaria is a disease caused by a protist.

How is the malaria pathogen transferred to humans?

How can the spread of malaria pathogens be reduced?

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Cigarette smoking is the main cause of cancer in the UK.

Mutations in cells cause cancer.

Where in a cell do mutations happen?

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Why do some cancers develop into large tumours?

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Cigarette smoking has been linked to many different types of cancer.

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer caused by smoking.

Suggest one reason why.

A person with lung cancer can develop secondary cancers in other parts of the body.

Describe how this can happen.

Sometimes a person may need a lung transplant.

The National Health Service (NHS) will not offer a lung transplant to a person who smokes.

Suggest one reason why.

Figure 6 shows data about skin cancer in males for different age groups in the UK.

The data shows the number of new cases of skin cancer in one year.

How many more new cases of skin cancer are there in males aged 40 to 44 than in males aged 15 to 19?

There are no new cases of skin cancer diagnosed in males younger than 15 years of age.

Suggest one reason why.

Give one conclusion from the data in Figure 6.

Survival rates for all types of cancers have improved over the last 20 years.

Suggest two reasons why.

Bacteria can cause a variety of diseases in humans.

What are two similarities between a bacterial cell and an animal cell?

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Salmonella food poisoning is caused by bacteria in food.

Give one symptom of salmonella food poisoning.

Do not refer to vomiting or diarrhoea in your answer.

What is the name of the first antibiotic developed?

A child with a severe bacterial infection was given a course of antibiotics.

Figure 7 shows how the concentration of live bacteria in the child’s body changed when taking the course of antibiotics.

The concentration of live bacteria in the body continued to increase after starting the course of antibiotics.

Suggest one reason why.

After 3 days of taking the antibiotic:

• the child felt better

• there were still bacteria in the child’s body.

Why did the child feel better?

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Suggest why doctors do not give antibiotics to patients with minor infections.

Figure 8 shows blood viewed using a microscope.

A vaccine will stimulate the production of antibodies.

Which part of the blood in Figure 8 produces antibodies?

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Which part of the blood in Figure 8 starts the clotting process?

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This question is about cell division.

Figure 9 shows how a fertilised egg cell can produce specialised cells.

Name Process A.

How many cell divisions are needed to form a 16-cell embryo from the original fertilised egg cell?

In humans a fertilised egg cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

How many chromosomes will there be in each of the embryo cells?

Figure 10 represents a cell cycle for a human embryonic cell.

Describe one change in the cell that occurs during each of the stages of the cell cycle.

Cell division is important in the growth of multicellular organisms.

Figure 11 shows the mean height of boys and of girls from birth to age 18 years.

Compare the growth of boys with the growth of girls.

Use data from Figure 11 in your answer.

Give one way that cell division by mitosis is important in fully grown animals.