AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2022 question paper 8464/B/2F

This question is about genetics.

Crop plants are genetically modified (GM) for useful characteristics. Which useful characteristic are crops genetically modified for? Tick (✓) one box.

What is one concern about GM crops? Tick (✓) one box.

Some inherited disorders are caused by a faulty piece of DNA.

What is the name of a piece of DNA that codes for a characteristic?

DNA contains a code for making substances in the cell. What type of substance is made using the DNA code? Tick (✓) one box.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder. The allele for having CF is recessive (h). The allele for not having CF is dominant (H).

What is a recessive allele? Tick (✓) one box.

A man and a woman do not have CF. The man has the alleles Hh.

What word describes the alleles of the man? Tick (✓) one box.

The man and the woman want to have a child. Complete Figure 1 to show the possible genotypes of the child. Draw a ring around the genotype of a child who will have CF.

What is the chance that a child of the man and the woman will have CF? Tick (✓) one box.

The woman is pregnant. The woman can have embryo screening to find out if the child will have CF. Suggest one reason why the woman might not want to have embryo screening.

On a school field:

• one area of the soil was usually wet

• another area of the soil was usually dry.

Students investigated the effect of water in the soil on the number of buttercup plants growing in each area. On the field the students marked out:

• an area of 10 m by 10 m on the wet soil

• an area of 10 m by 10 m on the dry soil.

Describe how a quadrat can be used to measure the size of the buttercup population on the wet soil area.

What type of factor is water in the soil? Tick (✓) one box.

Give two factors which might affect the number of buttercups growing on the school field. Do not refer to water in your answer.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

In this investigation the number of buttercups in each quadrat was

Figure 2 shows a quadrat on an area of the school field.

Calculate the area of the quadrat.

The mean number of buttercups in one quadrat was 8 Calculate the number of buttercups per m² Use your answer from Question 02.5

In a laboratory another group of students investigated the effect of soil acidity on the growth of beans. This is the method used.

1. Put soil with a neutral pH in two large boxes.

2. Add acid to the soil in one box.

3. Plant some bean seeds in each box.

4. Water the seeds over 3 weeks.

5. After 3 weeks, measure the height of the bean plants in each box.

6. Calculate the mean height of bean plants in each box.

Give two improvements the students could make to the method to give more valid results.

The students then carried out a valid investigation. Table 1 shows the students’ results.

Calculate mean value X in Table 1.

What conclusion can the students make about the effect of acid soil on the growth of bean plants?

The theory of evolution by natural selection was suggested by Charles Darwin in 1859. Evidence from fossils supports Darwin’s theory.

What evidence supports the theory of evolution by natural selection? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 3 shows a fossil fly preserved in amber. The fossil formed when the amber solidified with the fly trapped inside.

Why has the fly been preserved? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 4 shows a simplified evolutionary tree for the insect group of animals.

Figure 4

Which present day insect evolved first?

Animals A, B, C and D were ancestors of present day insects. Which animal is the most recent ancestor of both grasshoppers and beetles? Tick (✓) one box.

Name the group of present day insects which have wings which do not fold.

The house fly has the binomial name Musca domestica. Table 2 shows part of the classification for the house fly.

Complete Table 2. Choose answers from the box.

Carl Woese proposed the ‘three-domain system’ of classification. Which domain are insects in? Tick (✓) one box.

The endocrine system is made up of glands which secrete hormones. Figure 5 shows the position of endocrine glands in the human body.

Which letter shows the pancreas? Tick (✓) one box.

Which letter shows the thyroid gland? Tick (✓) one box.

Hormones travel from the gland where they are made to the target organ where they have an effect. How do hormones travel from the gland to the target organ?

When blood glucose concentration becomes too high, hormone X from the pancreas causes a decrease in the glucose concentration.

Name hormone X.

In what two ways does hormone X cause a decrease in blood glucose concentration? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Figure 6 shows the blood glucose concentration in a woman.

Suggest what time of day the woman ate her breakfast of sugar-coated cereal.

The man in Figure 6 has Type 2 diabetes but he has not been treated.

The man ate:

• the same type and amount of breakfast cereal as the woman

• at the same time as the woman.

Suggest what his blood glucose concentration would be at 9:00

The man:

• is an obese office worker

• does not exercise

• eats sugary snacks at his desk.

Give two lifestyle changes a doctor might recommend to the man to help him control his diabetes.

Describe how a low blood glucose concentration would lead to a person feeling weak.

This question is about the cycling of water and carbon in ecosystems.

Which reaction produces water? Tick (✓) one box.

The water cycle provides water for plants and animals on land before the water goes into lakes and seas.

Figure 7 represents the water cycle.

Name the processes 1 to 5 shown on Figure 7.

In 2007 the population of the world was 6 000 000 000 A study found that 4.5% of the population had severe water shortage.

Calculate how many people had severe water shortage. Give your answer in standard form.

Why do more people have severe water shortage now than in 2007? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Leaves on a tree contain carbon compounds. In autumn the leaves fall to the ground.

Microorganisms in the soil recycle carbon from the leaves so that the carbon is used for new plant growth. Explain how.

What is one benefit of fallen leaves for living plants? Tick (✓) one box.

Water pollution is a problem for humans and wildlife. Explain how human activities are polluting rivers, lakes and seas.