AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2024 question paper 8464/B/2F

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder.

Cystic fibrosis affects the movement of substances into and out of cells.

Which part of a cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

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Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele, b.

What name is given to the allele B ?

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Which term describes the genotype Bb ?

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Two people plan to have a child.

Both people have the genotype Bb.

Complete Figure 1 to show the possible genotypes of the child.

What is the chance that a child of these parents will have cystic fibrosis?

Use Figure 1.

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An embryo can be tested to find out its genotype.

What is the name of the testing process?

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Inherited disorders can be caused by changes in DNA.

What is the name of a change in DNA?

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Inheritance is one cause of variation in a population.

Environmental factors also cause variation in a population.

Suggest one environmental cause of variation in a human population.

Do not refer to inheritance or to changes in DNA in your answer.

Figure 2 shows organs and glands in a human body.

Label the glands on Figure 2.

Choose answers from the box.

Cells in the pancreas detect blood glucose concentration.

What type of cells detect blood glucose concentration?

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The pancreas produces insulin.

How is insulin transported from the pancreas to the rest of the body?

Which organ is a target organ of insulin?

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Which chemical is a store of glucose in human cells?

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Three people each ate similar meals.

The blood glucose concentration of each person was recorded for 80 minutes after the meal.

Figure 3 shows the results.

What was the change in blood glucose concentration in person A from 0 minutes to 60 minutes?

Describe the trend in the relationship between blood glucose concentration and time after the meal.

A student concluded:

‘Person A has diabetes’.

Explain how Figure 3 supports the student’s conclusion.

You should refer to insulin in your answer.

Describe two ways a person with Type 2 diabetes could change their lifestyle to control their diabetes.

Students used a reaction test card in an investigation.

The reaction test card can be used to test the reactions of car drivers.

Figure 4 shows the reaction test card.

Suggest why fast reactions are important for car drivers.

Students investigated the effect of number of hours of sleep on reaction time.

The students used the reaction test card shown in Figure 4 on page 11.

Figure 5 shows the method used.

This is the method used.

1. Record the number of hours of sleep student A had the night before the test.

2. Student B holds the lower edge of the card level with the top of student A ’s thumb.

3. Student A holds their thumb and forefinger slightly apart, with space for the card

to drop.

4. Student B drops the card.

5. Student A catches the card as quickly as possible.

6. Record the number shown at the top of student A ’s thumb.

7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 with seven other students.

Draw one line from each type of variable to the example of that variable in the investigation.

Figure 4 is repeated below.

A student said:

‘It would be better to use a ruler showing millimetres instead of the card in Figure 4.’

Why is the student correct?

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Figure 6 shows the results for the seven other students.

Student A had 8 hours and 30 minutes of sleep and a reaction score of 3

Plot the result for student A on Figure 6.

The mean number of hours of sleep for all students was 7.4

What was the mode for the number of hours of sleep?

A lower reaction score means a faster reaction.

What was the effect of increasing the number of hours of sleep on reaction time?

Use Figure 6.

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Suggest two ways the students could improve the investigation.

Do not refer to using a ruler in your answer.

Motor neurones are involved in reactions.

Figure 7 shows a motor neurone.

Figure 7

Explain one way the motor neurone cell is adapted for its function.

Figure 8 shows an evolutionary tree.

Which species in Figure 8 is most closely related to lions?

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Tigers are more closely related to snow leopards than to jaguars.

Draw a line on Figure 8 to show the evolution of tigers.

Label the line ‘Tiger’.

What is represented by species R on Figure 8 ?

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Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Evolution occurs by the process of.

Species can become extinct.

Give two possible causes of extinction.

Fossils are used to study the evolution of some species.

Suggest one reason why fossils are used to study evolution.

Some bacteria have evolved to be resistant to penicillin.

Penicillin is an antibiotic.

How has the process of evolution produced bacteria that are resistant to penicillin?

Write the stages, A, B, C, D and E in the correct order.

The first stage has been completed for you.

A The bacteria with mutations are more likely to survive.

B The population of bacteria is exposed to penicillin.

C The mutation for resistance to penicillin is passed on to offspring.

D Variation in the population of bacteria is caused by mutation.

E The surviving bacteria reproduce.

New antibiotics are not likely to control the spread of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.

What are two reasons why?

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Limpets are small animals with shells.

Limpets attach to rocks on sea shores.

Figure 9 shows limpets on rocks.

Limpets eat algae.

Limpets are prey for crabs.

Give the food chain for algae, crabs and limpets.

Students estimated the population of limpets on a sea shore.

The students were given a square quadrat.

Figure 10 shows the quadrat.

Calculate the area of the quadrat in m².

The total area of the sea shore was 1800 m².

The students sampled 2% of the total area of the sea shore.

Calculate the number of times the students needed to use the quadrat for the 2% sample.

Use your answer from Question 05.2

Explain why throwing a quadrat is not a random method to estimate population size.

Do not refer to safety in your answer.

Describe one method the students could use to plan where the quadrat should be randomly placed each time.

Suggest one hazard the students should be aware of when collecting data on the sea shore.

Do not refer to throwing quadrats in your answer.

Populations of limpets are monitored to assess the impact of pollution in water.

Suggest one type of pollution in water that may affect the population of limpets.

Potatoes are a food crop.

Potato plants are classified as eukaryota.

What type of classification group is eukaryota?

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Potato plants can reproduce by asexual reproduction.

Which statement is true for asexual reproduction?

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Flowers of potato plants contain gametes for sexual reproduction.

How is a gamete different from other cells in a potato plant?

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Plants in the same genus as potatoes have been studied by scientists.

Describe one way a new plant species could be identified as being in the same genus as potatoes.

Scientists have collected and stored seeds from species in the same genus as potatoes.

In the future, these seeds may be used for genetic modification of potato plants.

Genetically modified potato plants could help supply food to the human population as the climate changes.

Explain why genetic modification of crop plants may be important for the human population to survive climate change.