AQA GCSE Trilogy Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation June 2024 question paper 8464/C/2F

The Earth’s atmosphere has changed during the last 4.6 billion years.

What is the approximate percentage of nitrogen and of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere today?

Draw one line from each gas to the percentage of that gas.

The approximate percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere was 95%.

Which are two reasons why the percentage of carbon dioxide has decreased since the Earth’s early atmosphere?

Tick () two boxes.

Figure 1 shows the change in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1800 to 2020.

Describe the trend in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1800 to 2020.

Use data from Figure 1.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Which of the following is also a greenhouse gas?

Tick () one box.

Which of the following is an environmental problem caused by greenhouse gases?

Tick () one box.

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 O = 16

Different tests can be used to identify chemicals.

A student measured the melting points of four substances.

Table 1 shows the results.

Which substance was pure?

Give one reason for your answer.

Anhydrous copper sulfate can be used to test for water.

The word equation for the reaction is:

anhydrous copper sulfate + water hydrated copper sulfate

Complete the sentence.

Choose answers from the box.

When water is added to anhydrous copper sulfate, the colour changes

The reaction between anhydrous copper sulfate and water is reversible.

How does the word equation show that the reaction is reversible?

The formula of anhydrous copper sulfate is CuSO₄

What is the total number of atoms in the formula CuSO₄?

Tick () one box.

Chlorine is a gas.

Describe the test for chlorine.

Give the result.

Printer ink is a mixture of chemicals.

What is the name given to a mixture that has been designed as a useful product?

Tick () one box.

A student used chromatography to investigate the colours in a printer ink.

Figure 2 shows the chromatogram.

The student used a ruler for the start line.

What would the student have used to draw the start line?

Give one reason for your answer.

Determine the R_f value of the red colour.

Use the equation:

Distance moved by red colour

Distance moved by solvent

Table 2 shows the R_f values of four blue colours.

The student determined that the R_f value of the blue colour in the printer ink was 0.86

Suggest which blue colour was used in the printer ink.

Give one reason for your answer.

Tap water must be safe to drink.

What name is given to water that is safe to drink?

Tick () one box.

Water is sterilised to make the water safe to drink.

Which two of the following are used to sterilise drinking water?

Tick () two boxes.

A student investigated the mass of dissolved solids in samples of river water,

sea water and tap water.

This is the method used.

1. Weigh an evaporating basin.

2. Measure 100 cm³ of river water.

3. Pour the river water into the evaporating basin.

4. Heat the evaporating basin until all the water has evaporated.

5. Weigh the evaporating basin and dissolved solids.

6. Calculate the mass of dissolved solids in the water.

7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 with sea water and then with tap water.

Which is the most suitable equipment to measure 100 cm³ of water?

Tick () one box.

Table 3 shows the results.

Calculate value X in Table 3.

Identify the variables used in the investigation.

Draw one line from each variable to the example of the variable.

Table 4 shows the mass of different types of ions dissolved

in 1 dm³ of sea water.

Complete Figure 3.

You should:

complete the scale for the y-axis

plot the data from Table 4 as a bar chart.

Life cycle assessments (LCAs) are used to assess the environmental impact of different products.

212 million kilograms of aluminium is used for packaging in the UK each year.

68.0% of aluminium packaging is recycled.

Calculate the mass of aluminium packaging that is recycled in the UK each year.

Drinks cans are made from aluminium.

An aluminium can has a mass of 15.8 g.

1000 g = 1 kg

Calculate the whole number of aluminium cans that can be made from 4.00 kg of aluminium.

Table 5 shows three methods used to dispose of wood and steel after use.

Evaluate the sustainability of the disposal of wood and steel.

Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons.

Define the term ‘hydrocarbon’.

The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_2n+2

Determine the formula of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Figure 4 represents industrial equipment used to separate crude oil into fractions.

Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions.

Use Figure 4.

The alkane molecule C₁₄H₃₀ can be cracked to produce smaller molecules.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Propene (C₃H₆) is an alkene.

Describe the test for alkenes.

Give the result.

Poly(propene) is made from propene.

Figure 5 represents the repeating unit of poly(propene).

What type of substance is poly(propene)?

Some factors affect the rates of chemical reactions.

A student investigated the effect of changing the particle size of calcium carbonate on the rate of reaction with hydrochloric acid.

Figure 6 shows the apparatus.

Describe a method the student could use to produce valid results.

The student investigated the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of a reaction.

Explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of a reaction.

Refer to particles and collisions in your answer.

Catalysts affect the rate of reactions.

What is meant by a ‘catalyst’?

What are catalysts in biological systems called?