Greenhouse gases & climate change

Screenwash is a mixture designed to keep car windscreens clean.

The components in screenwash include glycerol, methanol and water.

Screenwash is made by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities so that the product has the required properties.

What name is given to this type of mixture?

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Glycerol has the formula C₃H₈O₃

How many atoms are there in one molecule of glycerol?

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Incomplete combustion happens when glycerol burns in limited oxygen.

Incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide gas.

Why can the production of carbon monoxide gas be a problem?

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Complete combustion happens when methanol (CH₄O) burns in excess oxygen.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Methanol can be produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen.

Describe the test for hydrogen gas.

Give the result of the test.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

An increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase in average global temperature.

The increase in average global temperature has caused global climate change.

Give two effects of global climate change.

Anhydrous cobalt chloride can be used to test for water.

The word equation for the reaction is:

anhydrous cobalt chloride + water hydrated cobalt chloride (blue) (pink)

Suggest one observation that could be made when water is added to anhydrous cobalt chloride.

The reaction between anhydrous cobalt chloride and water is exothermic.

What type of reaction is the reverse reaction?

The Earth’s atmosphere has changed during the last 4.6 billion years.

What is the approximate percentage of nitrogen and of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere today?

Draw one line from each gas to the percentage of that gas.

The approximate percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere was 95%.

Which are two reasons why the percentage of carbon dioxide has decreased since the Earth’s early atmosphere?

Tick () two boxes.

Figure 1 shows the change in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1800 to 2020.

Describe the trend in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1800 to 2020.

Use data from Figure 1.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Which of the following is also a greenhouse gas?

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Which of the following is an environmental problem caused by greenhouse gases?

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Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 O = 16

The Earth’s atmosphere is always changing.

Gases in the Earth’s early atmosphere caused changes on the Earth. Draw one line from each change to the gas that caused the change.

Gas that caused the Change change

Table 1 shows the percentage of some gases in the atmospheres of Earth and Mars today.

Which gas has the highest percentage in the Earth’s atmosphere?

Calculate how many times more carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere of Mars than in the atmosphere of Earth. Use Table 1. Give your answer in standard form.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Figure 1 shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1960 to 2020.

How has the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere changed from 1960 to 2020? Tick (✓) one box.

Cars emit carbon dioxide. A car emits 17.2 kg of carbon dioxide on a journey. There are four people in the car. Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide emitted per person.

Planting trees helps to reduce climate change, because trees use carbon dioxide from the Earth’s atmosphere. Name the process in trees which uses carbon dioxide.

Figure 2 shows the annual change in forest area in four different parts of the world.

Give two conclusions about the annual change in forest area.

Methane is a greenhouse gas. Figure 3 shows sources of methane emissions.

Determine the percentage (%) of methane emissions from landfill.

Figure 4 shows two ways (A and B) of preventing used items going to landfill.

Name A and B. Choose answers from the box.

An increase of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere is causing global warming. Global warming is causing global climate change.

Give one effect of global climate change.

Explain how greenhouse gases cause global warming.

Explain how planting trees reduces global warming.

An increase in greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere causes an increase in global temperature.

An increase in global temperature is a major cause of climate change. Give two effects of global climate change.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Figure 3 shows the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1750.

Describe the trend in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1750 to 2000. Use Figure 3.

Determine the change in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere from 1950 to 2000. Use Figure 3.

Percentage of carbon dioxide in 1950 Percentage of carbon dioxide in 2000

Give one reason why the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is changing.

Predict the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere in 2050. You should extend the graph line on Figure 3.

This question is about carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. Figure 2 shows how the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has changed over 4.6 billion years.

What was the highest percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere? Use Figure 2.

The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has decreased since Earth’s early atmosphere. Which two processes have decreased the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere? Tick (✓) two boxes.

The total amount of carbon dioxide emitted over the life cycle of a product can be measured. What name is given to the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the life cycle of a product? Tick (✓) one box.

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water. Figure 3 shows the mass of carbon dioxide dissolved in water at different temperatures.

Complete Table 1. Use Figure 3.

Calculate the difference in the mass of carbon dioxide dissolved in 1 dm³ of water at 5 °C and at 15 °C Use Table 1.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The greenhouse effect happens in four stages. The four stages are: Stage A Carbon dioxide stops longer wavelength radiation escaping Stage B Radiation is absorbed by the Earth Stage C Longer wavelength radiation is emitted Stage D Shorter wavelength radiation enters the atmosphere. What is the correct order of stages A, B, C and D ? Tick (✓) one box.

Changes in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere cause climate change. Give two effects of climate change.

This question is about the Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The greenhouse effect happens in four stages. The four stages are: Stage A Carbon dioxide stops longer wavelength radiation escaping Stage B Radiation is absorbed by the Earth Stage C Longer wavelength radiation is emitted Stage D Shorter wavelength radiation enters the atmosphere What is the correct order of stages A, B, C and D ? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 6 shows how the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has

changed over 4.6 billion years.

The mass of gas in Earth’s atmosphere remains constant at 5.15 × 10¹⁸ kg Determine the maximum mass of carbon dioxide that was in the Earth’s atmosphere. Use Figure 6.

Mass of carbon dioxide = kg

Describe the processes that have caused the main changes in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere over the last 4.6 billion years. Use Figure 6.

This question is about hydrocarbons and crude oil.

Hydrocarbon fuels are produced from crude oil. Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions.

Butane is a hydrocarbon.

Two equations for the combustion of butane are:

Why are different products formed?

One other product of the combustion of butane is carbon monoxide. Balance the equation.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of short and long wavelength radiation with matter.

This question is about the Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

What is another greenhouse gas?

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Greenhouse gases cause global climate change.

Give two effects of global climate change.

4.1 kg of a plastic, used to make plastic bottles, has a carbon footprint of 6.0 kg of carbon dioxide.

Calculate the carbon footprint of one plastic bottle of mass 23.5 g

Give one way that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced when a plastic bottle is manufactured.

Explain how the percentages of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere today have changed from the Earth’s early atmosphere.

This question is about the Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. What is another greenhouse gas?

Tick one box.

Greenhouse gases cause global climate change. Give two effects of global climate change.

4.1 kg of a plastic, used to make plastic bottles, has a carbon footprint of 6.0 kg of carbon dioxide. Calculate the carbon footprint of one plastic bottle of mass 23.5 g

Give one way that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced when a plastic bottle is manufactured.

Explain how the percentages of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere today have changed from the Earth’s early atmosphere.