AQA GCSE Trilogy Chemistry Paper 2 Foundation June 2025 question paper 8464/C/2F

Crude oil is a resource found in rocks.

What is crude oil produced from?

Tick () one box.

Most of the compounds in crude oil are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

What name is given to compounds made of carbon and hydrogen atoms only?

Tick () one box.

Crude oil found in different areas has different compositions.

Table 1 shows the percentage (%) composition of crude oil from two different areas.

Give three differences between the composition of crude oil from area A and crude oil from area B.

Table 2 shows the percentage (%) composition of crude oil from area C.

Calculate the volume of kerosene in 160 dm³ of crude oil from area C.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Use Table 2.

Complete Figure 1.

You should:

• complete the scale for the y-axis

• plot the data for kerosene and for petrol from Table 2

• label the bars for kerosene and for petrol.

A student investigated the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

Figure 2 shows the apparatus.

This is the method used.

1. Measure 50 cm³ of hydrochloric acid into a conical flask.

2. Add 4.0 g of calcium carbonate to the conical flask.

3. Insert the stopper into the conical flask as quickly as possible.

4. Start a timer.

5. Measure the volume of gas collected every 30 seconds for 3 minutes.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 using different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.

Name a suitable piece of equipment to measure 4.0 g of calcium carbonate.

Figure 3 shows the gas syringe during the investigation.

What is the reading on the gas syringe?

What is the independent variable in the investigation?

Tick () one box.

Why did the student insert the stopper into the conical flask as quickly as possible in step 3?

The gas produced during the investigation is carbon dioxide.

The test for carbon dioxide uses limewater.

What is the chemical name for limewater?

Tick () one box.

The student measured the volume of gas collected every 30 seconds for 3 minutes.

The volume of gas was zero at the start.

For one concentration of hydrochloric acid, the volumes of gas collected were:

Complete Table 3.

You should:

• add headings to each column

• add units

• add all of the results to the table.

The student used a different concentration of hydrochloric acid.

18 cm³ of gas was collected in the first 30 seconds.

Calculate the mean rate of reaction for the first 30 seconds.

Use the equation:

Choose the unit from the box.

Increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases the rate of the reaction.

What are two reasons why?

Tick () two boxes.

Screenwash is a mixture designed to keep car windscreens clean.

The components in screenwash include glycerol, methanol and water.

Screenwash is made by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities so that the product has the required properties.

What name is given to this type of mixture?

Tick () one box.

Glycerol has the formula C₃H₈O₃

How many atoms are there in one molecule of glycerol?

Tick () one box.

Incomplete combustion happens when glycerol burns in limited oxygen.

Incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide gas.

Why can the production of carbon monoxide gas be a problem?

Tick () one box.

Complete combustion happens when methanol (CH₄O) burns in excess oxygen.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Methanol can be produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen.

Describe the test for hydrogen gas.

Give the result of the test.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

An increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase in average global temperature.

The increase in average global temperature has caused global climate change.

Give two effects of global climate change.

Anhydrous cobalt chloride can be used to test for water.

The word equation for the reaction is:

anhydrous cobalt chloride + water hydrated cobalt chloride (blue) (pink)

Suggest one observation that could be made when water is added to anhydrous cobalt chloride.

The reaction between anhydrous cobalt chloride and water is exothermic.

What type of reaction is the reverse reaction?

Humans use many different resources.

Water is an important natural resource.

What is meant by ‘potable water’?

Tick () one box.

Waste water needs treatment before the water is put back into rivers and the sea.

The first stage of waste water treatment is to pass the waste water through metal grids.

Why is the waste water passed through metal grids?

Tick () one box.

Clothes can be made from different materials.

Some clothes are made from wool and some clothes are made from poly(propene).

One sheep produces 4.5 kg of wool.

50 g of wool is needed to make a hat.

Calculate the number of hats that can be made from the wool of one sheep.

1 kg = 1000 g

Table 4 gives information about poly(propene) and wool.

Explain the advantages of using poly(propene) and of using wool for clothing.

After being used, clothes can be:

• given to other people to wear

• used to make insulation blocks for buildings.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

When clothes are given to other people to wear,

When clothes are used to make insulation blocks for buildings,

Poly(propene) is made from an alkene.

Alkenes are produced by cracking alkanes.

A high temperature is used for cracking alkanes.

Which two of the following can also be used to crack alkanes?

Tick () two boxes.

Which chemical is used to test for alkenes?

Tick () one box.

Dodecane is an alkane.

The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_2n+2

A molecule of dodecane has 12 carbon atoms.

Complete the formula of dodecane.

A student investigated the effect of changing the temperature on the viscosity of dodecane.

Figure 4 shows the apparatus.

This is the method used.

1. Add 100 cm³ of dodecane at 25 °C to the cup.

2. Immediately start a timer.

3. Stop the timer when 40 cm³ of dodecane has been collected in the measuring cylinder.

4. Record the time taken.

5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 using dodecane at different temperatures.

The student used a water bath to heat the dodecane.

Suggest one reason why the student used a water bath instead of a Bunsen burner to heat the dodecane.

Give one control variable used in the investigation.

Figure 5 shows the results.

Predict the time taken to collect 40 cm³ of dodecane at 75 °C.

You should extend the line of best fit on Figure 5.

The higher the viscosity, the slower dodecane flows.

Explain how the trend in Figure 5 shows the effect of an increase in temperature on the viscosity of dodecane.

The proportions of most gases in the Earth’s atmosphere have not changed much for the past 200 million years.

About one-fifth of the atmosphere is oxygen.

Describe the test for oxygen gas.

Give the result of the test.

Table 5 shows the percentages of some gases in the Earth’s early atmosphere and in the Earth’s atmosphere today.

Explain how the percentages of gases have changed from Earth’s early atmosphere to Earth’s atmosphere today.

You should refer to all three gases in Table 5.

Methane is a greenhouse gas.

Give two ways to reduce methane emissions into the atmosphere.

The percentage of sulfur dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere increased between 1850 and 1980.

Describe how sulfur dioxide emissions are produced.

Give one harmful effect of sulfur dioxide emissions.

Suggest one reason why the percentage of sulfur dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has decreased since 1980.