AQA GCSE Trilogy Physics Paper 1 Foundation June 2025 question paper 8464/P/1F

There are different isotopes of the element lead.

What is the difference between the atoms of different isotopes of lead?

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The isotope lead-210 is radioactive.

What is meant by ‘lead-210 is radioactive’?

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The isotope lead-210 emits beta radiation.

What is beta radiation?

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The paint in an old painting contains the isotope lead-210.

The lead-210 in the paint can be used to estimate the age of the painting.

Figure 1 shows how the activity of the lead-210 in the paint changes with time.

What was the initial activity of the lead-210 in the paint?

Use Figure 1.

Calculate the activity of the lead-210 in the paint after one half-life.

What was the estimated age of the painting when the activity was 10 kBq?

Use Figure 1.

The paint also contains other radioactive substances.

A scientist removed the other radioactive substances before measuring the activity.

The activity would be greater if the other radioactive substances were not removed.

How would the estimate of the age of the painting be different if the activity was greater?

Use Figure 1.

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The other radioactive substances in the paint emit different types of radiation.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Figure 2 shows circuit symbols for some electrical components.

A student connects a circuit to measure the current in a filament lamp.

The student uses:

• an ammeter

• a cell

• a filament lamp.

Draw a circuit diagram for a circuit the student could use to measure the current in a filament lamp.

You should use three of the circuit symbols from Figure 2.

Which component is the source of energy for the circuit?

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There is a current of 1.5 A in the filament lamp for a time of 30 s.

Calculate the charge flow in the filament lamp.

Use the equation:

charge flow = current × time

The current in the filament lamp is 1.5 A when the potential difference across the filament lamp is 12 V.

Calculate the resistance of the filament lamp.

Use the equation:

Choose the unit from the box.

Figure 3 shows how the current varies with potential difference for the filament lamp.

Describe the relationship between potential difference and current for the filament lamp.

As the current in the filament lamp increases, the temperature of the filament lamp increases.

What happens to the resistance of the filament lamp as the temperature increases?

In most homes, filament lamps have been replaced with LED bulbs.

Table 1 shows information about a filament lamp and an LED bulb.

Explain the advantages of using LED bulbs instead of filament lamps.

You should include a calculation in your answer.

A person performs a ‘vertical box jump’.

Figure 4 shows five different stages, A, B, C, D and E, of the jump.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

The person in Figure 4 has a mass of 60 kg.

The person leaves the ground with a speed of 5.5 m/s.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the person.

Use the equation:

kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × (speed)²

The person has a mass of 60 kg.

The height of the jump is 1.5 m.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the person at a height of 1.5 m.

Use the equation:

gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

The person jumps onto a box higher than the one in Figure 4, on page 12.

To jump onto a higher box, the person’s speed when leaving the ground is different.

Explain how the speed is different when jumping onto a higher box.

You should answer in terms of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy.

Suggest one reason why a person is more likely to be injured when falling off a higher box.

Figure 5 shows a plastic kettle.

The kettle is connected to the mains electricity supply.

What is the frequency of the UK mains electricity supply?

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The cable that connects the kettle to the plug contains two insulated wires.

Draw one line from each wire to the colour of the insulation on the wire.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 04.3 and 04.4.

Write down the equation that links current (I), potential difference (V) and power (P).

The power of the heating element in the kettle is 2100 W.

The potential difference across the heating element is 230 V.

Calculate the current in the heating element.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

The kettle is designed to switch off when the water reaches boiling point.

Before the kettle switches off, 0.0080 kg of water changes state.

The energy transferred to change the state of the water is 18 000 J.

Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of the water.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Specific latent heat of vaporisation = J/kg

A different kettle is used to heat some water.

The useful output energy transferred to the water is 75 600 J.

The total input energy transferred by the kettle is 84 000 J.

Calculate the efficiency of the kettle.

Use the equation:

Explain one advantage of electrical appliances having a high efficiency.

Fossil fuels are burned in car engines and in power stations.

Describe how different energy stores change in a car engine when a fossil fuel is burned.

Some car engines burn a fuel that is produced using plants.

Name a fuel produced using plants.

Some cars do not contain an engine that burns a fuel.

Suggest how cars that do not burn a fuel are powered.

Figure 6 shows how the total amount of electricity generated in the UK has changed with time.

The proportion of electricity that is generated using renewable energy resources has increased since the year 2013.

Which conclusion is correct?

Use Figure 6.

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The UK plans to stop burning fossil fuels to generate electricity.

Explain one reason why it will take many years before all electricity is generated using renewable resources.

Renewable energy resources can have a negative impact on the environment.

Give one negative environmental impact of hydro-electric power and of wind power.

Hydro-electric power

A student investigated the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

The student used an electric heater to increase the temperature of an aluminium block.

The student measured the:

• mass of the block

• energy transferred to the block

• temperature change of the block.

Table 2 shows the results.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the results in Table 2.

Wrapping the aluminium block in insulation makes the value for the specific heat capacity of aluminium more accurate.

Which are two reasons why?

Tick () two boxes.