AQA GCSE Trilogy Physics Paper 1 Foundation June 2024 question paper 8464/P/1F

Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram. The circuit contains a battery and two lamps, X and Y.

How does the current in lamp X compare with the current in lamp Y ?

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Lamp X and lamp Y are not identical.

The potential difference across the battery is 4.5 V.

The potential difference across lamp X is 1.5 V.

Calculate the potential difference across lamp Y.

The current in lamp X is 1.2 A.

The potential difference across lamp X is 1.5 V.

Calculate the power of lamp X.

Use the equation:

power = potential difference × current

Calculate the resistance of lamp X.

Use the equation:

The current in lamp X is 1.2 A.

Calculate the charge flow through lamp X in 40 seconds.

Use the equation:

charge flow = current × time

The switch can be used to turn the lamps on and off.

Immediately after the lamps are switched on, the resistance of each lamp increases.

Why does the resistance of each lamp increase?

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Figure 1 is repeated below.

Lamp Y breaks.

What happens to lamp X ?

Give a reason for your answer.

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Figure 2 shows an outdoor swimming pool.

The water in the swimming pool comes from the sea.

The water in the pool is heated using a geothermal energy resource.

Which of the following describes a geothermal energy resource?

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15 kg of seawater is heated before it is added to the pool.

specific heat capacity of seawater = 3800 J/kg °C

Calculate the change in thermal energy of 15 kg of seawater when its temperature is increased by 9.0 °C.

Use the equation:

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

The energy transferred from 1.0 m² of the surface of the pool to the air is 80 J each second.

The surface area of the pool is 120 m².

Calculate the energy transferred from the whole surface of the pool to the air each second.

Which of the following units is the same as 1 J/s?

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The pool is above sea level.

5.0 kg of water is pumped from sea level into the pool.

The water gains 196 J of gravitational potential energy.

gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg

Calculate the height of the pool above sea level.

Use the equation:

The water in some swimming pools is heated by burning fossil fuels.

Explain one environmental disadvantage of burning fossil fuels.

Some people used to think that radioactive substances had health benefits.

100 years ago, a company made toothpaste containing the radioactive isotopes radium-228 and radium-226.

Figure 3 shows the symbols for these isotopes.

How are atoms of radium-228 different from atoms of radium-226?

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Figure 4 shows how the activity of a sample of radium-228 changed over time.

What is the approximate half-life of radium-228?

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A scientist investigated whether the toothpaste in four tubes of the 100-year-old

toothpaste is equally radioactive.

Figure 5 shows the equipment used.

When the equipment was arranged as shown in Figure 5, it was not possible to detect alpha particles from the toothpaste.

Suggest how the scientist adjusted the equipment to detect alpha particles from the toothpaste.

The scientist adjusted the equipment and determined the activity of the toothpaste from each tube.

Table 1 shows the results.

What was the range of activities shown in Table 1 ?

What was the independent variable in the investigation?

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What was the dependent variable in the investigation?

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When the toothpaste was new, it caused a risk to health because of the nuclear radiation emitted.

What happened to the risk to health from the toothpaste after 100 years?

Which property makes nuclear radiation hazardous?

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A student investigated how the current in a diode varies with the potential difference across the diode.

Figure 6 shows an incomplete diagram of the circuit used.

The student measured the potential difference across the diode.

Complete Figure 6 by adding the symbol for a voltmeter in the correct position.

Which component should the student adjust to change the potential difference across the diode?

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The student measured the current three times for each value of potential difference.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

When the potential difference was 1.50 V the current measurements varied between

Figure 7 shows some of the results.

Table 2 shows the results when the potential difference was greater than 1.00 V.

Complete Figure 7.

You should:

• plot the results from Table 2

• draw a line of best fit.

Complete the sentence.

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Figure 7 shows that the relationship between potential difference and current for the

diode is.

The student adjusted the circuit so that the current in the diode was 1.00 A.

The student then reversed the connections to the diode.

What happened to the current in the diode when the connections were reversed?

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Data-storage computers get very hot.

Scientists investigated using the sea to cool data-storage computers.

The computers were set up inside a large metal container.

Figure 8 shows the metal container before it was lowered into the sea.

Why is the container made of metal?

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The walls of the container are solid.

Figure 9 shows an arrangement of six particles in a solid.

The air inside the container is a gas.

Draw an arrangement of six particles in a gas in the box below.

How does the air in the container exert pressure on the container?

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As the container is lowered into the sea, the temperature of the air in the container decreases.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

When the temperature of the air in the container decreases, the average speed of the

After the temperature of the air in the container had decreased, the computers were switched on.

The computers caused the temperature of the air to then increase.

Describe how the air pressure in the container changed as the temperature decreased and then increased.

The container has a length of 12 m.

The container has a cross-sectional area of 7.5 m².

Calculate the volume of the container.

Use the equation:

volume = length × cross-sectional area

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 05.7 and 05.8.

Write down the equation that links density (ρ), mass (m) and volume (V).

The average density of the container and its contents is 1100 kg/m³.

Calculate the mass of the container and its contents.

Use your answer to Question 05.6

Figure 10 shows an electric whisk that plugs into the mains electricity supply.

The whisk can mix food by spinning a beater.

Give two energy stores that increase when the whisk is switched on.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 06.2 and 06.3.

Work is done by the whisk when it is used to mix food.

Write down the equation that links power (P), time (t) and work done (W).

The power output of the whisk is 92 W.

Calculate the time for the whisk to do 23 000 J of work.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 06.4 and 06.5.

Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)?

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The current in the whisk is 500 mA.

The resistance of the whisk is 640 Ω.

Calculate the power of the whisk.

The whisk has several settings that allow the beater to spin at different speeds.

A faster beater speed needs a greater power input from the mains electricity supply.

What is the potential difference between the live wire and neutral wire in the mains electricity supply?

Changing the beater speed does not change the potential difference between the live wire and neutral wire.

The power input to the whisk changes because the current in the whisk changes.

Complete the sentence.

When the beater speed increases, the current in the whisk increases because the

Last century, scientists used evidence from the alpha particle scattering experiment to develop a new model of the atom.

In the experiment, alpha particles were directed towards a piece of gold foil.

What does an alpha particle consist of?

197 A gold atom has the symbol₇₉ Au.

How many neutrons are there in this gold atom?

The alpha particle scattering experiment led to the plum pudding model of the atom being replaced by the nuclear model.

Figure 11 shows the results predicted by the plum pudding model and the actual results from the alpha particle scattering experiment.

Describe how the actual results led to the plum pudding model of the atom being replaced by the nuclear model.

You should include details of the plum pudding model and the nuclear model of the atom.

Scientists did not know that neutrons existed when they first did alpha particle scattering experiments.

Which scientist did the experiments that provided evidence that neutrons exist?

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