AQA GCSE Trilogy Chemistry Paper 2 Higher June 2024 question paper 8464/C/2H

Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons.

Define the term ‘hydrocarbon’.

The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_2n+2

Determine the formula of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Figure 1 represents industrial equipment used to separate crude oil into fractions.

Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions.

Use Figure 1.

The alkane molecule C₁₄H₃₀ can be cracked to produce smaller molecules.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Propene (C₃H₆) is an alkene.

Describe the test for alkenes.

Give the result.

Poly(propene) is made from propene.

Figure 2 represents the repeating unit of poly(propene).

What type of substance is poly(propene)?

Some factors affect the rates of chemical reactions.

A student investigated the effect of changing the particle size of calcium carbonate on the rate of reaction with hydrochloric acid.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus.

Describe a method the student could use to produce valid results.

The student investigated the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of a reaction.

Explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of a reaction.

Refer to particles and collisions in your answer.

Catalysts affect the rate of reactions.

What is meant by a ‘catalyst’?

What are catalysts in biological systems called?

Some fractions of crude oil are processed to produce fuel for transport.

Describe how crude oil was formed.

Transport is a source of atmospheric pollutants.

Suggest how sulfur dioxide can be produced by transport.

Give two problems caused by sulfur dioxide as an atmospheric pollutant.

Describe how carbon monoxide can be produced by transport.

Catalytic converters are fitted to car exhausts to reduce the amount of pollution from cars.

Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) react in a catalytic converter.

Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are produced.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

Printer ink is a mixture of chemicals.

A student used chromatography to investigate the colours in a printer ink.

The student put a spot of the printer ink on the start line.

Figure 4 shows the results.

Explain why the red colour did not move from the start line.

The blue colour moved 6.4 cm up the chromatogram.

The R_f value of the blue colour is 0.87

Calculate the distance moved by the solvent.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

There were four colours in the printer ink.

Suggest one reason why only three colours were visible on the chromatogram.

Suggest how the student could use chromatography to show there were four colours in the printer ink.

Sulfuric acid is produced by an industrial process.

In the process, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) reacts with oxygen (O₂) to produce

The equation for the reversible reaction is:

The forward reaction releases 198 kJ/mol of energy.

What is the amount of energy transferred during the reverse reaction?

Tick () one box.

The concentration of oxygen is increased.

What is the effect on the position of the equilibrium?

Tick () one box.

The pressure is decreased.

What is the effect on the position of the equilibrium?

Tick () one box.

The temperature is increased.

What is the effect on the position of the equilibrium?

Tick () one box.

A catalyst is used in the reaction.

Suggest what effect the catalyst has on the position of the equilibrium.

Give one reason for your answer.

A scientist measured how the number of moles of sulfur dioxide, oxygen and

sulfur trioxide varied with time during the reaction.

Figure 5 shows the results.

Determine the time taken for the reaction to reach equilibrium.

Explain your answer.

Use Figure 5.

Figure 6 shows the results for sulfur trioxide.

Determine the rate of reaction at 60 seconds.

The Earth’s natural resources are used to manufacture useful products.

One useful product is potable water.

Potable water can be produced from sea water by distillation.

Give one disadvantage of using distillation to produce potable water.

Describe one other method to produce potable water from sea water.

A student investigated the mass of dissolved solids in a 100 cm³ sample of

sea water.

This is the method used.

1. Weigh an evaporating basin.

2. Measure 100 cm³ of sea water.

3. Pour the sea water into the evaporating basin.

4. Heat the evaporating basin.

5. Weigh the evaporating basin and contents.

6. Calculate the mass of dissolved solids in the sea water.

Explain how repeating steps 4 and 5 would improve this method.

The total mass of dissolved solids in a 100 cm³ sample of sea water is 3.50 g.

The percentage of sodium chloride in the dissolved solids is 77.8%.

Calculate the mass of sodium chloride dissolved in the 100 cm³ sample of sea water.

Biological methods are used to extract metal compounds from metal ores.

One method of producing copper from low-grade copper ores is by using bacteria.

The bacteria produce leachate solutions that contain copper compounds.

Give two methods that can be used to extract copper from these leachate solutions.

Phytomining uses plants to absorb metal compounds from low-grade ores.

Describe how the metal compounds are obtained from the plants.

Nickel is produced by phytomining.

One hectare of plants produces 215 kg of nickel.

Determine the area required to produce 750 kg of nickel.

Give your answer in m².