Cracking and alkenes

Humans use many different resources.

Water is an important natural resource.

What is meant by ‘potable water’?

Tick () one box.

Waste water needs treatment before the water is put back into rivers and the sea.

The first stage of waste water treatment is to pass the waste water through metal grids.

Why is the waste water passed through metal grids?

Tick () one box.

Clothes can be made from different materials.

Some clothes are made from wool and some clothes are made from poly(propene).

One sheep produces 4.5 kg of wool.

50 g of wool is needed to make a hat.

Calculate the number of hats that can be made from the wool of one sheep.

1 kg = 1000 g

Table 4 gives information about poly(propene) and wool.

Explain the advantages of using poly(propene) and of using wool for clothing.

After being used, clothes can be:

• given to other people to wear

• used to make insulation blocks for buildings.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

When clothes are given to other people to wear,

When clothes are used to make insulation blocks for buildings,

Poly(propene) is made from an alkene.

Alkenes are produced by cracking alkanes.

A high temperature is used for cracking alkanes.

Which two of the following can also be used to crack alkanes?

Tick () two boxes.

Which chemical is used to test for alkenes?

Tick () one box.

Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks.

What is meant by a ‘finite’ resource?

Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.

Define the term ‘hydrocarbon’.

Crude oil found in different areas has different compositions.

Table 2 shows the percentage (%) composition of crude oil from one area.

The volume of crude oil is measured in a unit called ‘barrels’.

Calculate the volume of petrol in dm³ in 90 barrels of crude oil.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Fractions from crude oil can be processed to produce many useful materials by the petrochemical industry.

Which is a useful material produced by the petrochemical industry?

Tick () one box.

Catalytic cracking is used to crack hydrocarbons.

Name one other method of cracking hydrocarbons.

Alkanes are produced by cracking.

Hydrocarbon Z is a different type of hydrocarbon to alkanes.

Hydrocarbon Z:

• is also produced by cracking

• can be used to produce polymers.

Describe a test for hydrocarbon Z.

Give the result of the test.

Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons.

Define the term ‘hydrocarbon’.

The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_2n+2

Determine the formula of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Figure 4 represents industrial equipment used to separate crude oil into fractions.

Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions.

Use Figure 4.

The alkane molecule C₁₄H₃₀ can be cracked to produce smaller molecules.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Propene (C₃H₆) is an alkene.

Describe the test for alkenes.

Give the result.

Poly(propene) is made from propene.

Figure 5 represents the repeating unit of poly(propene).

What type of substance is poly(propene)?

Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons.

Define the term ‘hydrocarbon’.

The general formula for alkanes is C_nH_2n+2

Determine the formula of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Figure 1 represents industrial equipment used to separate crude oil into fractions.

Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions.

Use Figure 1.

The alkane molecule C₁₄H₃₀ can be cracked to produce smaller molecules.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

Propene (C₃H₆) is an alkene.

Describe the test for alkenes.

Give the result.

Poly(propene) is made from propene.

Figure 2 represents the repeating unit of poly(propene).

What type of substance is poly(propene)?

Crude oil contains a large number of hydrocarbons.

Crude oil is a finite resource. What is a finite resource? Tick (✓) one box.

What is crude oil formed from? Tick (✓) one box.

What type of substance is crude oil? Tick (✓) one box.

The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated into fractions using fractional distillation. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.

In fractional distillation the crude oil is heated so

Hydrocarbons can be cracked to produce more useful molecules.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

Hydrogen gas is a product of cracking. What is used in the test for hydrogen gas? Tick (✓) one box.

5.20 kg of crude oil contains 1.53 kg of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). Calculate the percentage (%) of LPG in 5.20 kg of crude oil. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Crude oil is a mixture of many different compounds.

Give two reasons why crude oil is not a formulation.

Describe how crude oil is separated into fractions.

The fractions from crude oil contain alkanes. Explain why alkanes are cracked.

Cracking produces a mixture of products.

An equation for cracking decane (C₁₀H₂₂) is:

Describe a test to identify the gas produced in the reaction.

Alkenes are produced in cracking. The general formula for the homologous series of alkenes is C_nH_2n Which formula represents an alkene? Tick (✓) one box.

This question is about hydrocarbons.

Figure 9 shows a hydrocarbon.

Complete the formula for the hydrocarbon shown in Figure 9.

What is the name of the hydrocarbon in Figure 9 ?

Which homologous series does the hydrocarbon in Figure 9 belong to?

30 g of another hydrocarbon contains 24 g of carbon.

Which calculation gives the percentage of carbon in the hydrocarbon?

Tick (✓) one box.

Table 3 shows boiling points of some hydrocarbons.

Describe how the boiling points change as the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon increases.

Hydrocarbons can be cracked.

Give one condition used to crack hydrocarbons.

Balance the equation for the cracking of C₆H₁₄

Give one reason why hydrocarbons are cracked.

Window frames can be manufactured from wood or plastic.

Table 4 shows the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) for making one wooden and one plastic window frame.

Both window frames are the same size.

Give three advantages of using wood instead of plastic in the manufacture of window frames.

Advantage of wood 1

Advantage of wood 2

Advantage of wood 3

This question is about hydrocarbons and the uses of hydrocarbons.

Figure 6 shows a model of an alkane.

What is the name of the alkane in Figure 6 ?

What is a hydrocarbon?

Large hydrocarbon molecules are cracked.

When C₁₁H₂₄ is cracked, three products are formed. Complete the equation for the reaction.

Explain why one of the products of cracking is in high demand.

Window frames can be manufactured from wood or from plastic. Table 2 shows data from a life cycle assessment (LCA) for a wooden window frame and a plastic window frame. Both window frames are the same size.

Evaluate the sustainability of wooden and plastic window frames.

You should include environmental and economic factors.

Crude oil is a resource found in rocks. Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.

Complete the sentence.

Crude oil is formed by the decomposition of

Alkanes are hydrocarbons. Give the name of the alkane molecule that has three carbon atoms.

Figure 7 shows two alkane molecules.

Table 4 shows the melting points and boiling points of methane and hexane.

Compare the structure and properties of methane and hexane.

Hydrocarbons are cracked to produce more useful alkanes and alkenes.

Decane (C₁₀H₂₂) is cracked to produce two products. Complete the equation for the reaction.

C₂H₄ is an alkene. What is the test for alkenes? Give the result of the test if an alkene is present.

Crude oil is a resource found in rocks.

Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.

Complete the sentence.

Crude oil is formed by the decomposition of

Alkanes are hydrocarbons.

Give the name of the alkane molecule that has three carbon atoms.

Figure 3 shows two alkane molecules.

Table 2 shows the melting points and boiling points of methane and hexane.

Compare the structure and properties of methane and hexane.

Hydrocarbons are cracked to produce more useful alkanes and alkenes.

Decane (C₁₀H₂₂) is cracked to produce two products.

Complete the equation for the reaction.

C₂H₄ is an alkene.

What is the test for alkenes?

Give the result of the test if an alkene is present.

This question is about the Earth’s resources.

When most fuels burn carbon dioxide is produced.

Balance the equation for the combustion of propane.

Describe the test for carbon dioxide. Give the result of the test.

Propane can be cracked to produce propene and hydrogen. Complete the symbol equation for the reaction.

Describe the test for hydrogen. Give the result of the test.

Propene is an alkene. Describe the test for alkenes. Give the colour change in the test.

This question is about the Earth’s resources.

When most fuels burn carbon dioxide is produced.

Balance the equation for the combustion of propane.

Describe the test for carbon dioxide. Give the result of the test.

Propane can be cracked to produce propene and hydrogen. Complete the symbol equation for the reaction.

Describe the test for hydrogen. Give the result of the test.

Propene is an alkene. Describe the test for alkenes. Give the colour change in the test.

Large hydrocarbon molecules can be cracked to produce smaller, more useful molecules.

Alkanes and alkenes are produced when hydrocarbons are cracked.

Give two conditions used for cracking.

Butane (C₄H₁₀) is an alkane.

Figure 5 shows part of the displayed structural formula of butane.

Complete the displayed structural formula of butane in Figure 5.

Butane burns in oxygen.

Complete the word equation for the complete combustion of butane.

Ethene is an alkene.

Give a test for alkenes.

Give the result of the test if an alkene is present.

Each year many tonnes of crude oil are extracted from the Earth.

It took millions of years for the crude oil to be formed.

What do we call development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the resources for future generations?

Tick (✓) one box.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated into fractions by fractional distillation.

Figure 13 shows a fractional distillation column.

Crude oil vapour passes up the column.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Why do the fractions separate?

Tick one box.

Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes.

Figure 14 represents an alkane molecule.

Name the alkane.

Methane (CH₄) is an alkane.

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Tick one box.

Alkanes burn in oxygen.

Balance the equation for methane burning.

Ethene is an alkene.

Which reagent is used to test for alkenes?

Tick one box.

Table 6 shows data from a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the disposal of 10 000 biodegradable plastic bags.

Why are life cycle assessments (LCA) done?

Compare the two methods for the disposal of biodegradable plastic bags.

Use information from Table 6

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated into fractions by fractional distillation. Figure 1 shows a fractional distillation column.

Crude oil vapour passes up the column. Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

Why do the fractions separate? Tick one box.

Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes.

Figure 2 represents an alkane molecule.

Name the alkane.

Methane (CH₄) is an alkane. What is the general formula for alkanes? Tick one box.

Alkanes burn in oxygen. Balance the equation for methane burning.

Ethene is an alkene. Which reagent is used to test for alkenes? Tick one box.

Table 1 shows data from a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the disposal of 10 000 biodegradable plastic bags.

Why are life cycle assessments (LCA) done?

Compare the two methods for the disposal of biodegradable plastic bags. Use information from Table 1