AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 2 Foundation November 2021 question paper 8464/B/2F

A human body cell contains 46 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes does a human sperm cell contain?

Tick (✓) one box.

Draw one line from each word to the meaning of that word.

Some plants contain a harmful chemical called PTC.

Some people can taste PTC.

Suggest one advantage of being able to taste PTC.

Only people with a dominant allele T can taste PTC.

People with only the allele t cannot taste PTC.

A person has the genotype Tt.

What word describes the person’s genotype?

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Give the genotype of a person who cannot taste PTC.

A woman and a man plan to have a child.

The woman and the man both have the genotype Tt.

Complete Figure 1 to show the possible genotypes of the child.

What is the chance of the child being able to taste PTC?

Use Figure 1.

Tick (✓) one box.

Caffeine is a drug that affects reaction time.

Coffee is a drink that contains caffeine.

Five students investigated the effect of drinking coffee on their reaction time.

Each student sat in front of a computer screen showing a reaction timer.

This is the method used.

1. Press any key on the keyboard when the colour of the screen changes to green.

2. Record the reaction time shown on the computer screen.

3. Drink coffee containing caffeine.

4. Wait 15 minutes then repeat steps 1 and 2.

What is the dependent variable in the investigation?

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Give two control variables the students should have used.

Why did the students wait 15 minutes after drinking the coffee before repeating the test?

Responding to the colour change of the screen involves a receptor in the student.

Where is the receptor in the student?

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Responding to the colour change of the screen involves an effector in the student.

What is the effector in the student?

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Table 1 shows the results.

What is the effect of drinking coffee on reaction time?

Use Table 1.

Which student had the smallest change in reaction time after drinking coffee?

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The students decided that one of the results was anomalous.

What should the students do with the anomalous result when calculating the mean change in reaction time?

Figure 2 shows one species of bird on a bird feeder.

The birds use their beaks to reach nuts inside the bird feeder.

Cats sometimes eat the birds.

Give the food chain for the birds, cats and nuts.

Which organism in the food chain you gave in Question 03.1 is the primary consumer?

Cats are one biotic factor that affects the size of the bird population.

Which two of the following are biotic factors?

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Figure 3 shows the mean beak length of this species of bird from 1982 to 2007.

What was the mean beak length in 2000?

What type of adaptation is beak length?

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Figure 3 shows evidence of evolution in this species of bird.

Scientists have concluded that beak length in this species of bird is increasing.

Complete the sentences about the evolution of this species of bird.

Choose answers from the box.

The difference in beak length in the bird population

is called.

A change in a gene affects the beak length.

Change in a gene is called.

The birds with the longest beaks get more food.

Getting more food improves a bird’s chances of

survival and.

This process of evolution takes place over more

than one.

Birds of this species:

• live for about 3 years

• produce up to 24 eggs every year.

Why is evolution easier to study in birds than in humans?

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Bacteria also provide evidence for evolution.

Which statement describes evidence for evolution?

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A fossil was found in rocks. The rocks were formed from mud.

The fossil is of the fungus Ourasphaira giraldae.

What is the genus of the fungus?

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The mud around the fungus did not contain oxygen.

Which process did the mud around the fungus prevent?

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The fossilised fungus is estimated to be 890 000 000 years old.

What is 890 000 000 in standard form?

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Traditional classification divided organisms into kingdoms.

Who developed the traditional system of classification?

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More recent classification methods use a three-domain system.

What is the name of the domain the fungus Ourasphaira giraldae is classified in?

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Why has classification changed over time?

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The fungus Ourasphaira giraldae is now extinct.

Give two possible causes of extinction.

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere contribute to climate change.

Give one way deforestation can increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

Name one other gas that contributes to climate change.

Do not refer to carbon dioxide in your answer.

Meat is produced for humans to eat.

Give two ways the production of meat releases carbon dioxide.

The mass of carbon dioxide released during the production of food varies depending on the type of food.

Figure 4 shows the mass of carbon dioxide released as a result of three different diets.

Compare the mass of carbon dioxide released as a result of the three diets shown

in Figure 4.

Use data from Figure 4 in your answer.

Figure 5 shows glands in the human body.

Which organ system includes the glands shown in Figure 5 ?

Which gland produces insulin?

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Which gland produces hormones that stimulate the other glands to produce hormones?

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How do hormones travel from one gland to another gland?

Name two glands involved in human reproduction.

Do not refer to glands shown on Figure 5 in your answer.

Ovulation test kits can help women know when they are most fertile.

Ovulation test kits detect the increase in the hormone that stimulates ovulation.

Which hormone is detected by ovulation test kits?

Tick (✓) one box.

A new contraceptive drug for men is being tested.

The drug:

• is given in one injection

• stops sperm being able to fertilise eggs

• is effective for up to 13 years.

Evaluate the use of the new drug compared with existing contraceptive methods.

Figure 6 shows the money spent on conserving biodiversity in the UK by the government.

Describe the trends in the money spent on conserving biodiversity from 2005 to 2011.

Use data from Figure 6 in your answer.

Calculate the percentage decrease in the money spent on conserving biodiversity from 2013 to 2017.

Use the equation:

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Conservation of peat bogs can help maintain biodiversity.

Give two uses of peat taken from peat bogs.

Describe two ways to increase biodiversity in the UK.

Do not refer to money spent or to peat in your answer.