The menstrual cycle

This question is about the hormones involved in reproduction.

Name one hormone produced in the ovaries.

Give one function of the hormone that is produced in the testes.

Different methods of contraception can involve:

• barriers

• hormones.

Condoms are a barrier method of contraception.

Give one advantage of condoms as a method of contraception compared with hormonal methods of contraception.

Do not refer to cost in your answer.

Describe how hormones are used in different methods of contraception.

This question is about the hormones involved in reproduction.

Name one hormone produced in the ovaries.

Give one function of the hormone that is produced in the testes.

Different methods of contraception can involve:

• barriers

• hormones.

Condoms are a barrier method of contraception.

Give one advantage of condoms as a method of contraception compared with hormonal methods of contraception.

Do not refer to cost in your answer.

Describe how hormones are used in different methods of contraception.

Figure 5 shows glands in the human body.

Which organ system includes the glands shown in Figure 5 ?

Which gland produces insulin?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which gland produces hormones that stimulate the other glands to produce hormones?

Tick (✓) one box.

How do hormones travel from one gland to another gland?

Name two glands involved in human reproduction.

Do not refer to glands shown on Figure 5 in your answer.

Ovulation test kits can help women know when they are most fertile.

Ovulation test kits detect the increase in the hormone that stimulates ovulation.

Which hormone is detected by ovulation test kits?

Tick (✓) one box.

A new contraceptive drug for men is being tested.

The drug:

• is given in one injection

• stops sperm being able to fertilise eggs

• is effective for up to 13 years.

Evaluate the use of the new drug compared with existing contraceptive methods.

Figure 1 shows glands in the human body.

Which organ system includes the glands shown in Figure 1 ?

Which gland produces insulin? Tick (✓) one box.

Which gland produces hormones that stimulate the other glands to produce hormones? Tick (✓) one box.

How do hormones travel from one gland to another gland?

Name two glands involved in human reproduction. Do not refer to glands shown on Figure 1 in your answer.

Ovulation test kits can help women know when they are most fertile. Ovulation test kits detect the increase in the hormone that stimulates ovulation. Which hormone is detected by ovulation test kits? Tick (✓) one box.

A new contraceptive drug for men is being tested. The drug:

• is given in one injection

• stops sperm being able to fertilise eggs

• is effective for up to 13 years.

Evaluate the use of the new drug compared with existing contraceptive methods.

This question is about reproduction.

Which two statements are true for sexual reproduction in humans? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Humans reproduce by sexual reproduction. Complete Figure 1 to show the inheritance of sex.

Figure 1

Draw a ring around the genotype of all male children in Figure 1.

When children reach puberty, reproductive hormones cause changes in their bodies. Draw one line from each hormone to the change the hormone causes at puberty.

Change the hormone Hormone causes at puberty

A woman does not want to become pregnant. She considers two methods of contraception.

Draw one line from each method of contraception to how the method prevents pregnancy.

Method of contraception How the method prevents

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of taking oral contraceptives to prevent pregnancy.

This question is about coordination in the human body.

Figure 2 shows a sensory neurone (nerve cell).

Which label is the cell nucleus?

Tick one box.

Which label is the receptor?

Tick one box.

Figure 3 shows the nerve pathway when a person touches a sharp pin.

Name structures A and B on Figure 3

When the finger touches the sharp pin, the muscle in the arm contracts to pull the arm away.

What type of action is this?

Tick one box.

Doctors tested people of different ages to time how long it took between touching a sharp pin and the arm muscle contracting.

At each age they tested five men and calculated a mean value for the time.

Table 1 shows the results.

How much longer does it take for the muscle to contract at 80 years of age compared to at 20 years of age?

Give your answer in seconds.

Figure 4 shows the position of some of the glands which release hormones.

Which label on Figure 4 shows the position of the pituitary gland?

Tick one box.

Luteinising hormone (LH) is a hormone released by the pituitary gland.

What is the function of LH?

Tick one box.

How does LH travel from the pituitary gland to its target organ?

Figure 5 shows the relative levels of sex hormones of three young people over 30 days.

One person is an 8-year-old girl, one is an 18-year-old boy and the other is an 18-year-old girl.

Which person is the 18-year-old boy?

Give one reason for your answer.

Figure 4 shows how hormone concentrations vary during a normal human menstrual cycle if a woman does not become pregnant.

Calculate the rate of increase in LH concentration between day 9 and day 12 Give your answer in arbitrary units per hour. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Describe the sequence of hormone interactions in the menstrual cycle. Name where each hormone is produced.

Progesterone is used in some contraceptives. Suggest one advantage of using a progesterone patch rather than a progesterone oral contraceptive.