AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 2 Foundation June 2018 question paper 8464/B/2F

Every year scientists have recorded the date when migrating birds arrived at summer breeding grounds in the UK.

The records show that for every 1 C increase in mean global temperature, the birds arrived one day earlier.

What will the birds be competing for when they arrive at their UK breeding grounds?

Tick two boxes.

Birds that arrive early might survive better than birds that arrive later.

Suggest one reason why.

Global temperatures are increasing every year.

This is because of an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Name one greenhouse gas.

Global warming affects the migration of animals.

Give one other effect of global warming.

Which two human activities cause global warming?

Tick two boxes.

Which gas in the atmosphere causes acid rain?

Tick one box.

The genetic material in cells is made of DNA.

Which two of the following describe the structure of DNA?

Tick two boxes.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

Gametes (sex cells) contain half the amount of DNA compared to body cells.

Give the names of the two types of gametes in humans.

What is the process called when the gametes join?

Figure 1 shows cell division by meiosis to form gametes.

Which two features in Figure 1 show that this cell division is meiosis and not mitosis?

Tick two boxes.

This question is about coordination in the human body.

Figure 2 shows a sensory neurone (nerve cell).

Which label is the cell nucleus?

Tick one box.

Which label is the receptor?

Tick one box.

Figure 3 shows the nerve pathway when a person touches a sharp pin.

Name structures A and B on Figure 3

When the finger touches the sharp pin, the muscle in the arm contracts to pull the arm away.

What type of action is this?

Tick one box.

Doctors tested people of different ages to time how long it took between touching a sharp pin and the arm muscle contracting.

At each age they tested five men and calculated a mean value for the time.

Table 1 shows the results.

How much longer does it take for the muscle to contract at 80 years of age compared to at 20 years of age?

Give your answer in seconds.

Figure 4 shows the position of some of the glands which release hormones.

Which label on Figure 4 shows the position of the pituitary gland?

Tick one box.

Luteinising hormone (LH) is a hormone released by the pituitary gland.

What is the function of LH?

Tick one box.

How does LH travel from the pituitary gland to its target organ?

Figure 5 shows the relative levels of sex hormones of three young people over 30 days.

One person is an 8-year-old girl, one is an 18-year-old boy and the other is an 18-year-old girl.

Which person is the 18-year-old boy?

Give one reason for your answer.

A class of eight students measured the population of water fleas living at the edge of a large pond.

This is the method each student used.

1. Put some pond water in a white tray.

2. Take a pond net and scoop at the edge of the pond a few times.

3. Empty the pond net into the water in the tray.

4. Count the number of water fleas in the tray.

Figure 6 shows a student working.

The students did not control some variables.

Give two variables the students should have controlled to make this a valid method.

The eight students then used a different method to obtain valid results.

Table 2 shows their results.

Calculate the students’ mean value for the population of water fleas at the edge of the pond.

What was the range of the students’ results?

Suggest one reason why such a wide range of results was found.

The teacher then sampled the centre of the pond eight times.

His mean value was 12 water fleas per 1000 cm³ pond water.

What conclusion can you make about the distribution of water fleas in the pond?

Use the students’ mean value from question 04.2 to compare with the teacher’s mean value.

Scientists counted some different invertebrates living in a pond in 2014 and in 2016

Table 3 shows the results.

Calculate the change in the number of bloodworms between 2014 and 2016

Calculate the number of shrimps in the pond in 2016 as a percentage of the number of shrimps in the pond in 2014

Invertebrate species found in a pond can be used as an indicator of the pollution level.

Table 4 shows which species can survive in different levels of pollution.

What conclusion can you make about the change in the level of pollution in the pond between 2014 and 2016?

Give one reason for your conclusion.

Use the data in Table 3 and Table 4

Water pollution and global warming are two problems that have been caused by the rapid increase of the human population.

Suggest two other problems caused by the rapid increase of the human population.

Variation in individual organisms can be caused by:

• genes

• the environment

• a combination of both genes and the environment.

Figure 7 shows variations in a woman.

What is the cause of each variation in Table 5 ?

Tick only one box in each row.

The allele for blue eyes is recessive (b).

The allele for brown eyes is dominant (B).

A woman has blue eyes.

What are the woman’s alleles?

Tick one box.

The woman marries a man with the alleles Bb for eye colour.

What colour eyes does the man have?

Complete the Punnett square diagram in Figure 8 for this man and woman.

Figure 8

What is the probability that a child of this man and woman will have brown eyes?

What is the scientific term used for the child’s eye colour?

Tick one box.

What effect will a mutation have?

Tick one box.

Many biotic and abiotic factors can affect the growth of plants.

Are the factors in Table 6 biotic or abiotic?

Tick one box for each factor.

Two students investigated the effect of light intensity on the distribution of small plants.

The plants are growing under a tree in a park.

The students made the following hypothesis:

‘As you move outwards from a tree there will be more plant growth.’

Explain why the students thought their hypothesis would be correct.

The students used two pieces of equipment.

Give the scientific name of each piece of equipment.

A square frame measuring 0.5 m × 0.5 m

An electronic device to measure light intensity

This is the method used.

1. Fix one end of a tape measure at the base of the tree.

2. Fix the other end of the tape measure 11 metres from the tree.

3. At 0 metres put the square frame on the ground.

4. Identify all the plant species growing inside the frame.

5. Estimate and record the percentage cover of each plant species.

6. Measure the light intensity inside the frame.

7. Put the square frame on the ground every 2 metres along the tape to 10 metres.

8. Repeat steps 4 – 6 in every frame.

Figure 9 shows the equipment in this investigation.

Calculate the total area sampled.

The whole investigation was done as quickly as possible on the same day.

Suggest one reason why.

Give one way the investigation could be improved.

Table 7 shows the results.

Which plant species in Table 7 will only grow at high light intensity?

What conclusion can be made about the relationship between light intensity and the total percentage cover of plants?

Use data from Table 7 in your answer.

Light intensity might not be the cause of this pattern of plant distribution.

Suggest one different factor that may cause these results.

Give one reason for your answer.

Pseudomonas bacteria cause infections in hospital patients.

A new strain of Pseudomonas bacteria has evolved. This new strain can only be killed by one antibiotic called fluroquinolone.

Scientists want to prevent the new strain of Pseudomonas from spreading in the human population.

Explain the advice doctors should be given to prevent the spread of the new strain.