Land use

Farmers can increase crop yield by controlling the conditions that plants grow in.

Draw one line from each substance to how the substance increases crop yield.

Figure 1 shows a food chain for a farmer’s field.

Figure 1

Which is the secondary consumer in the food chain?

Tick () one box.

Bees are insects that live in hives.

The bees fly in and out of the hives.

Figure 2 shows a crop growing in a field.

The farmer has added bee hives to increase the number of bees in the field.

Increasing the number of bees and other insects increases crop yield.

Which are two ways that increasing the number of insects in an area will increase crop yield?

Tick () two boxes.

Some farmers increase the size of hedgerows between fields where crops grow.

Suggest one reason why.

Peat comes from peat bogs.

Peat can be used to produce garden compost.

Table 1 compares peat compost with a sample of soil.

Young plants have short roots.

Explain one advantage of growing young plants in peat compost instead of in soil.

Peat can also be burnt as fuel.

Figure 3 shows part of the carbon cycle.

Name process A and process B.

Choose answers from the box.

Peat contains carbon compounds.

Explain why burning peat contributes to climate change.

Decay is an important process in the carbon cycle.

Which two types of organism cause decay?

Tick () two boxes.

Deforestation affects the carbon cycle.

Give one use of the land after the land has been cleared by deforestation.

Figure 1 shows a place where peat is being removed from a peat bog.

Why is peat removed from peat bogs? Tick (✓) one box.

Peat can decay. Name one type of organism that causes decay.

Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box.

The organisms that cause decay respire. The gas used for respiration is. The gas produced by respiration is.

Peat bogs cover a total area of 3 700 000 km². In 2020, 46% of peat bogs were frozen.

How can the area of peat bogs that were frozen be calculated? Tick (✓) one box.

The percentage of peat bogs that are frozen decreases each year. Suggest why the percentage of peat bogs that are frozen is decreasing.

Which two human activities decrease the area of land available for other animals and plants? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Figure 1 shows a river next to a field.

Describe a method to investigate how the distance from the river affects the number of different plant species in the field. You should explain how to use a transect in your method.

Students used a valid method to investigate how the distance from the river affects the number of different plant species in the field. Figure 2 shows the results.

What is shown by the data in Figure 2 ? Tick (✓) one box.

Cows walk on the ground near the river more than they walk on the ground further

from the river.

Which is an abiotic factor that could affect the number of different plant species found near the river? Tick (✓) one box.

Increasing numbers of cows are being farmed across the world. Explain the environmental implications of increasing numbers of cows being farmed.

Figure 6 shows the money spent on conserving biodiversity in the UK by the government.

Describe the trends in the money spent on conserving biodiversity from 2005 to 2011.

Use data from Figure 6 in your answer.

Calculate the percentage decrease in the money spent on conserving biodiversity from 2013 to 2017.

Use the equation:

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Conservation of peat bogs can help maintain biodiversity.

Give two uses of peat taken from peat bogs.

Describe two ways to increase biodiversity in the UK.

Do not refer to money spent or to peat in your answer.

Figure 2 shows the money spent on conserving biodiversity in the UK by the government.

Describe the trends in the money spent on conserving biodiversity from 2005 to 2011. Use data from Figure 2 in your answer.

Calculate the percentage decrease in the money spent on conserving biodiversity from 2013 to 2017. Use the equation:

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Conservation of peat bogs can help maintain biodiversity. Give two uses of peat taken from peat bogs.

Describe two ways to increase biodiversity in the UK. Do not refer to money spent or to peat in your answer.

This question is about biodiversity. A farmer:

• grows only wheat crops

• has used all his small fields to make a few large fields

• cuts down trees in his woodlands to burn as fuel.

What are two ways the farmer could increase biodiversity on his farm? Tick (✓) two boxes.

Students investigated the effect of cutting down trees in the woodland. This is the method used.

1. Mark out a 10 m by 10 m area where trees have been removed.

2. Place a 1 m × 1 m quadrat at six random positions in the area.

3. Record the number of plant species present.

4. Record the number of invertebrate species seen among dead leaves on the ground.

5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 in an area where there are trees.

Suggest one improvement the students could make to their method.

The students made this prediction: ‘There will be more invertebrate species living in the area where there are trees.’

Explain why the students’ prediction may be correct.

Table 1 shows the students’ results.

The students decided that one result was anomalous. Draw a ring around the anomalous result in Table 1.

How does removing trees affect the number of invertebrate species living among the dead leaves on the ground? Use Table 1.

There were more plant species growing in the area where there were no trees. Explain why.

There is a need to grow enough food for all the people in the world. Growing enough food affects habitats and biodiversity.

What is meant by the term biodiversity?

Peat bogs are being destroyed because peat is used by humans. Destroying peat bogs also reduces biodiversity.

Give one use of peat taken from peat bogs.

Explain why the use of peat is harmful to the environment. Do not refer to biodiversity in your answer.

Intensive farming, where a single crop is grown on a large area of land year after year, is more cost effective for farmers. It is efficient to use fertilisers and to burn the waste so the land is ready to use the next year. Planting a single crop reduces biodiversity. Suggest two ways that this type of farming can damage the environment. Do not refer to biodiversity in your answer.

Most of the world’s production of antibiotics is used in farming. Antibiotics are given to animals to prevent the spread of disease.

Explain how the widespread use of antibiotics in farming is a threat to human life.