AQA GCSE Trilogy Biology Paper 1 Foundation November 2021 question paper 8464/B/1F

Cells are the building blocks of life.

Draw one line from each type of organism to the diagram of one of its cells.

Type of organism
Diagram of one cell

Cells contain structures. These structures have different functions.

Draw one line from each function to the correct structure.

Chemicals are produced in cells.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

A chemical excreted by animals is.

A chemical stored in animal cells is.

A chemical stored in plant cells is.

A chemical that strengthens plant cell walls is

Figure 1 shows a diagram of muscle cells.

Give one function of muscle cells.

Explain how muscle cells are adapted for their function.

Use Figure 1.

One muscle cell was 0.05 mm wide.

When viewed using a microscope the image of the muscle cell was 2 mm wide.

Calculate the magnification used to view the cell.

Use the equation:

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.

Which substance is used as an antibiotic?

Tick (✓) one box.

Gonorrhoea and chlamydia are two sexually transmitted infections.

Gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics.

Give one symptom of gonorrhoea.

A scientist investigated which antibiotics were most effective at treating gonorrhoea

and chlamydia.

This is the method used.

1. Grow gonorrhoea bacteria in a Petri dish.

2. Prepare four different antibiotic solutions, A, B, C and D, of the same concentration.

3. Cut four filter paper discs to the same size.

4. Soak each paper disc in a different antibiotic solution.

5. Put the four paper discs into the Petri dish.

6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 using a Petri dish with chlamydia bacteria growing in it.

7. Keep both Petri dishes at 25 °C for 3 days.

Give two control variables used in this investigation.

Figure 2 shows the results.

A clear area around a paper disc is where the antibiotic has killed the bacteria.

Which antibiotic did not kill either type of bacterium?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which antibiotic would be the most effective to treat a person with a gonorrhoea infection?

Tick (✓) one box.

Which antibiotic would be the most effective to treat a person who had both gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections?

Tick (✓) one box.

Antibiotics cannot be used to treat HIV infections.

Suggest one reason why.

Fungi can cause an infection of the fingernails and toenails.

Fungal nail infections can spread from one person to another person.

Some people go to nail salons to have their nails shaped and painted.

Suggest one way workers in nail salons can reduce the risk of infections being spread.

Suggest one reason why fungal infection of toenails is more common than fungal infection of fingernails.

Anaerobic respiration in yeast is called fermentation.

The equation for fermentation is:

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

How does the equation show that fermentation is an anaerobic reaction?

Fermentation in yeast is used in the manufacture of beer, wine and bread.

Why is fermentation used when making beer and wine?

Explain why fermentation is used when making bread.

A student investigated fermentation in yeast.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus.

This is the method used.

1. Mix yeast with sugar solution in a flask.

2. Put the flask in a water bath at 35 °C.

3. After 10 minutes attach a gas syringe to the flask.

4. Record the volume of carbon dioxide collected every 5 minutes for 1 hour.

What volume of carbon dioxide has been collected in the gas syringe in Figure 3 ?

Why did the student wait 10 minutes before attaching the gas syringe?

Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 4 shows the results.

A and B are different parts of the graph in Figure 4.

Draw one line from each part of the graph to the description of the reaction.

Part of the graph
Description of the reaction

The equation for fermentation is repeated here.

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

Suggest one reason why fermentation in the flask stopped.

Fermentation is controlled by enzymes.

The investigation was repeated at 2 °C and at 75 °C.

No carbon dioxide was produced at either of these temperatures.

Suggest why no carbon dioxide was produced at 2 °C or at 75 °C.

Reason at 2 °C

Reason at 75 °C

Anaerobic respiration also happens in animal cells.

Complete the equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells.

Choose answers from the box.

This question is about plant transport systems.

Which organ in a plant absorbs water from the soil?

The concentration of nitrate ions in the soil is lower than the concentration of nitrate ions inside a plant.

How would the nitrate ions move from the soil into the cells of this plant?

Tick (✓) one box.

Dissolved sugars are transported in the phloem.

What is the name of the process that moves dissolved sugars through the phloem?

Tick (✓) one box.

Give one use of sugars in a plant.

Stomata are openings on the surface of a leaf.

Stomata allow gases to move into and out of a leaf.

Figure 5 shows the surface of a leaf.

What is cell X ?

Tick (✓) one box.

Why do the stomata open during the day?

Tick (✓) one box.

The area of the leaf shown in Figure 5 is 0.25 mm².

Calculate the number of stomata per mm² for the leaf in Figure 5.

Use the equation:

A student investigated the number of stomata per mm² on the upper and lower

surfaces of leaves.

The leaves were taken from the same plant.

Table 1 shows the results.

Calculate mean value X in Table 1.

Water vapour is lost through stomata.

Explain the difference in the number of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves.

Use Table 1.

Plants absorb light for photosynthesis.

Which is the equation for photosynthesis?

Tick (✓) one box.

A student investigated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

Figure 6 shows the apparatus.

This is the method used.

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 6.

2. Place the pondweed 10 cm away from the lamp.

3. Switch on the lamp.

4. Record the number of bubbles of gas produced in 5 minutes.

5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 with the pondweed at different distances from the lamp.

What was the independent variable in this investigation?

Tick (✓) one box.

The lamp gets warm when it is on. This causes the temperature of the water

to increase.

Explain how an increase in temperature would affect the results of this investigation.

Suggest one way the investigation could be improved so the temperature of the water does not increase.

Suggest two improvements to the investigation so the results would be more valid.

Do not refer to controlling the temperature of the water.

Table 2 shows the results.

Calculate the rate of photosynthesis when the pondweed was 40 cm from the lamp.

Give the rate of photosynthesis as the number of bubbles of gas produced per minute.

Give one conclusion that can be made from Table 2.

Plot the data from Table 2 on Figure 7.

Draw a line of best fit.

Predict the number of bubbles that would be produced in 5 minutes if the pondweed was 60 cm from the lamp.

Use Figure 7.

Describe how to test a sample of food for protein, starch and sugar.

Give the colours that would be seen if the food sample contained protein, starch and sugar.