AQA GCSE Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1 Foundation June 2022 question paper 8464/C/1F

This question is about Group 1 elements.

What are the Group 1 elements known as? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 1 shows a lithium atom.

What is the number of electrons and neutrons in the atom of lithium?

What is the relative charge on a lithium ion? Tick (✓) one box.

Lithium is heated and then cooled in an experiment.

Two physical changes happen in the experiment. Draw one line from each stage to the physical change that happens in that stage.

Figure 2 represents the melting points of some Group 1 elements.

Figure 2

What is the melting point of caesium? Use Figure 2.

The melting point of potassium is 63 °C Draw a bar for the melting point of potassium on Figure 2.

Describe the trend of the melting points of the Group 1 elements in Figure 2.

The boiling point of sodium is 883 °C What is the state of sodium at 150 °C? Use Figure 2. Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 3 represents the electronic structure of a sodium atom and of a potassium atom.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

Potassium is more reactive than sodium because potassium more

This question is about hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide.

A chlorine atom has 7 electrons in the outer shell. A hydrogen atom has 1 electron in the outer shell. Figure 4 represents part of a dot and cross diagram for a molecule of hydrogen chloride.

Complete the dot and cross diagram. Use dots (ο) and crosses (x) to represent electrons. You should show only the electrons in the outer shells.

Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to produce hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution. Complete the word equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → + water

Solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are reacted and the temperature change is recorded.

In the reaction, 3.65 g of hydrogen chloride reacts with 4.00 g of sodium hydroxide. 1.80 g of water is produced. Calculate the mass of the other product.

Figure 5 shows part of the thermometer used to measure the temperature.

What is the temperature reading on the thermometer?

In the reaction, the temperature increases. What type of reaction is happening when the temperature increases?

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. Which two ions are in sodium hydroxide solution? Tick (✓) two boxes.

This question is about structure and bonding. Figure 6 represents part of the structure of silicon dioxide.

What type of structure is silicon dioxide? Tick (✓) one box.

Each oxygen atom forms two bonds. What is the number of bonds formed by each silicon atom? Use Figure 6.

Figure 7 represents part of a fullerene.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

The fullerene molecule shown in Figure 7 is made from

What is the fullerene molecule shown in Figure 7 used for? Tick (✓) one box.

Figure 8 represents part of the structure of a polymer.

What holds the atoms together in a polymer chain? Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the sentence. Choose the answer from the box.

In Figure 8 the polymer chains are held together by

Figure 9 represents part of the structures of:

• magnesium metal

• a magnesium alloy.

Calculate the percentage of copper atoms in the alloy. Number of magnesium atoms in the alloy = Number of copper atoms in the alloy = Total number of atoms in the alloy =

Explain why the magnesium alloy is harder than magnesium metal. Use Figure 9.

This question is about elements and compounds.

Magnesium and oxygen react to produce magnesium oxide. Balance the equation for the reaction.

Suggest one safety precaution that should be taken when heating magnesium and oxygen.

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of magnesium fluoride (MgF₂). Relative atomic masses (A_r): F = 19 Mg = 24

Argon is a noble gas. Explain why no product is formed when magnesium and argon are heated together.

Figure 10 shows a reactivity series.

Figure 10

Draw one line from each metal to the method used to extract that metal. Use Figure 10.

Metal Method used to extract that metal

A substance conducts electricity when it has charged particles that are free to move.

Figure 11 represents the structure of sodium chloride.

Explain why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten but not when solid.

Figure 12 represents the structure of sodium metal.

Explain why sodium metal conducts electricity when solid.

This question is about salts. Green copper carbonate and sulfuric acid can be used to produce blue copper sulfate crystals.

Excess copper carbonate is added to sulfuric acid. Give three observations you would make.

How can the excess copper carbonate be removed?

The pH of the solution changes during the reaction. What is the pH of the solution at the end of the reaction?

Copper carbonate and sulfuric acid react to produce copper sulfate. What type of reaction is this?

Ammonium nitrate is a salt. Figure 13 shows the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can dissolve in 100 cm³ of water at different temperatures.

A student adds ammonium nitrate to water at 80 °C until no more dissolves. The student cools 100 cm³ of this solution of ammonium nitrate from 80 °C to 20 °C to produce crystals of ammonium nitrate.

Determine the mass of ammonium nitrate that crystallises on cooling 100 cm³ of this solution from 80 °C to 20 °C

This question is about electrolysis. Figure 14 shows the apparatus used to investigate the electrolysis of potassium sulfate solution.

Potassium sulfate contains K⁺ and SO₄^2– ions. What is the formula of potassium sulfate? Tick (✓) one box.

What are the volumes of gases collected in the electrolysis experiment? Use Figure 14.

A student made the following hypothesis: ‘The volumes of gases collected in this electrolysis experiment are in the same ratio as hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in a water molecule.’ Explain how the volumes of gases collected in the experiment in Figure 14 support the student’s hypothesis. Use your answer to Question 06.2

The experiment is repeated 4 times. The volumes of oxygen collected in the 4 experiments are:

The mean volume of oxygen collected in the 4 experiments is 9 cm³ The measure of uncertainty is the range of a set of measurements about the mean.

What is the measure of uncertainty in the 4 experiments?

Tick (✓) one box.

Calculate the mass of potassium sulfate needed to make 1.0 dm³ of solution.

Plan an investigation to find the order of reactivity of three metals. You should use the temperature change when each metal reacts with hydrochloric acid.