Group 0: the noble gases

Lithium, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine and neon are elements in the same row of the periodic table.

What is the chemical symbol of lithium?

Use the periodic table.

Lithium has metallic bonding.

Which electrons are involved in metallic bonding?

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Lithium reacts with fluorine to produce lithium fluoride.

Draw one line from each substance to the particle diagram that represents the substance.

Table 2 shows the electrical conductivity of three substances.

Lithium fluoride is an ionic compound.

Which substance is lithium fluoride?

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Carbon can exist in different forms.

Figure 4 represents one form of carbon.

What is the name of the form of carbon in Figure 4 ?

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Carbon and fluorine form a compound with the formula CF₄

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of CF₄

Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 F = 19

Figure 5 represents a molecule of nitrogen.

What is the total number of shared electrons in the covalent bond shown in Figure 5 ?

Lithium and nitrogen form a compound with the formula Li₃N

Complete the sentence.

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Neon does not react with other elements to form compounds.

Why is neon unreactive?

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Structure and bonding is used to explain properties of compounds.

Metal atoms react with non-metal atoms to form ions.

Which group of elements does not form ions? Tick (✓) one box.

Potassium reacts with chlorine to produce potassium chloride (KC l). Figure 6 shows what happens to the electrons in the outer shells when a potassium atom reacts with a chlorine atom.

Describe what happens when a potassium atom reacts with a chlorine atom to produce potassium chloride. Answer in terms of electrons.

In solid ionic compounds, oppositely charged ions attract to form a giant structure. Which structure represents the arrangement of ions in solid potassium chloride? Tick (✓) one box.

Non-metal atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds.

Water (H₂O) is a covalent molecule. Table 2 shows the number of electrons in the outer shells of hydrogen atoms and

Figure 7 shows part of a dot and cross diagram for a molecule of water. Complete the dot and cross diagram. You should only show electrons in the outer shells.

Figure 7

Silica has a giant covalent structure. Figure 8 represents the structure of silica.

Determine the ratio of silicon (Si) atoms to oxygen (O) atoms in silica. Use Figure 8.

Polymers have very large molecules. Figure 9 represents part of the structure of a polymer.

What holds polymer molecule 1 and polymer molecule 2 together in a polymer? Tick (✓) one box.

Describe the trend shown in Figure 10.

This question is about elements and compounds.

Magnesium and oxygen react to produce magnesium oxide. Balance the equation for the reaction.

Suggest one safety precaution that should be taken when heating magnesium and oxygen.

Calculate the relative formula mass (M_r) of magnesium fluoride (MgF₂). Relative atomic masses (A_r): F = 19 Mg = 24

Argon is a noble gas. Explain why no product is formed when magnesium and argon are heated together.

Figure 10 shows a reactivity series.

Figure 10

Draw one line from each metal to the method used to extract that metal. Use Figure 10.

Metal Method used to extract that metal

A substance conducts electricity when it has charged particles that are free to move.

Figure 11 represents the structure of sodium chloride.

Explain why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten but not when solid.

Figure 12 represents the structure of sodium metal.

Explain why sodium metal conducts electricity when solid.

This question is about the periodic table and argon.

What order did scientists use to arrange elements in early periodic tables? Tick (✓) one box.

In early periodic tables some elements were placed in the wrong groups. Mendeleev overcame some of these problems in his periodic table. Complete the sentence.

been discovered.

What is the name of the group that contains argon? Tick (✓) one box.

An atom of argon is represented as 40Ar 18 Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons in one atom of argon.

39 38 Different atoms of argon are, Ar and Ar 18 18 What is the name given to these different atoms of argon?

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40 What is the electronic structure of an argon atom, Ar ? 18 Tick (✓) one box.

Why is argon unreactive?

This question is about elements in the periodic table.

What order did scientists use to arrange elements in early periodic tables?

In the early periodic tables some elements were placed in the wrong groups. Mendeleev overcame this in his periodic table. Give one way Mendeleev did this.

Table 2 shows the boiling points of fluorine, chlorine and bromine.

Explain why the boiling points in Table 2 are low.

Explain the trend in the boiling points in Table 2.

Explain why neon is unreactive. Give the electronic structure of neon in your answer.

How many atoms are there in 1 g of argon? The Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 10²³ per mole. Relative atomic mass (A_r): Ar = 40