The periodic table

This question is about the periodic table.

Figure 11 shows part of Mendeleev’s version of the periodic table.

Which group of elements had not been discovered when Mendeleev’s version of the periodic table was published?

Figure 12 represents different models of the atom.

Which model represents the plum pudding model? Tick (✓) one box.

Which model resulted from Chadwick’s experimental work? Tick (✓) one box.

Potassium has different isotopes.

What is meant by ‘isotopes’? You should refer to subatomic particles.

Table 2 shows the mass numbers and the percentage abundance of two isotopes of potassium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of potassium. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

This question is about the periodic table.

Figure 1 shows part of Mendeleev’s version of the periodic table.

Which group of elements had not been discovered when Mendeleev’s version of the periodic table was published?

Figure 2 represents different models of the atom.

Which model represents the plum pudding model? Tick (✓) one box.

Which model resulted from Chadwick’s experimental work? Tick (✓) one box.

Potassium has different isotopes.

What is meant by ‘isotopes’? You should refer to subatomic particles.

Table 1 shows the mass numbers and the percentage abundance of two isotopes of potassium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of potassium. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

This question is about elements in the periodic table.

What property was used to arrange elements in early periodic tables? Tick (✓) one box.

In early periodic tables, iodine (I) was placed before tellurium (Te). Mendeleev placed iodine after tellurium. Figure 7 shows part of Mendeleev’s periodic table.

Suggest one reason why Mendeleev placed iodine in the column shown in Figure 7.

Table 3 shows the melting points of three Group 1 metals.

What state is lithium at 100 °C? Use Table 3. Tick (✓) one box.

Complete the graph in Figure 8. Use Table 3. You should:

• complete the scale on the y-axis

• draw bars to show the melting points of sodium and potassium.

Figure 8

Lithium reacts with chlorine to produce lithium chloride. Figure 9 shows what happens to the electrons in the outer shells when a lithium atom reacts with a chlorine atom. The dots (o) and crosses (x) represent electrons.

Describe what happens to a lithium atom and to a chlorine atom when they react. Use Figure 9 to answer in terms of electrons.

Lithium and potassium are in the same group of the periodic table. Figure 10 represents the electronic structures of a lithium atom and of a potassium atom.

Give two reasons why potassium is more reactive than lithium.

This question is about elements. Caesium is in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Explain what happens to caesium atoms and to oxygen atoms when caesium reacts with oxygen to produce caesium oxide. You should answer in terms of electrons.

Explain why caesium is more reactive than sodium. You should answer in terms of electrons.

Figure 6 shows part of Mendeleev’s periodic table.

Explain why the early periodic tables placed iodine (I) before tellurium (Te), but then Mendeleev placed tellurium before iodine.

This question is about the periodic table and argon.

What order did scientists use to arrange elements in early periodic tables? Tick (✓) one box.

In early periodic tables some elements were placed in the wrong groups. Mendeleev overcame some of these problems in his periodic table. Complete the sentence.

been discovered.

What is the name of the group that contains argon? Tick (✓) one box.

An atom of argon is represented as 40Ar 18 Determine the number of protons and the number of neutrons in one atom of argon.

39 38 Different atoms of argon are, Ar and Ar 18 18 What is the name given to these different atoms of argon?

Tick (✓) one box.

40 What is the electronic structure of an argon atom, Ar ? 18 Tick (✓) one box.

Why is argon unreactive?

This question is about elements in the periodic table.

What order did scientists use to arrange elements in early periodic tables?

In the early periodic tables some elements were placed in the wrong groups. Mendeleev overcame this in his periodic table. Give one way Mendeleev did this.

Table 2 shows the boiling points of fluorine, chlorine and bromine.

Explain why the boiling points in Table 2 are low.

Explain the trend in the boiling points in Table 2.

Explain why neon is unreactive. Give the electronic structure of neon in your answer.

How many atoms are there in 1 g of argon? The Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 10²³ per mole. Relative atomic mass (A_r): Ar = 40

This question is about the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table.

Figure 9 shows the positions of four elements, A, B, C, and D, in the periodic table.

Which element is in Group 2? Tick one box.

Group 2 metal carbonates break down when heated to produce a metal oxide and a gas. metal carbonate metal oxide + gas

Name the two products when calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is heated.

What type of reaction happens when a compound breaks down? Tick one box.

The metal carbonate takes in energy from the surroundings to break down. What type of reaction takes in energy from the surroundings? Tick one box.

Figure 10 shows the volume of gas produced when a Group 2 metal carbonate is heated.

The student collected 5.2 dm³ of gas. What mass of the Group 2 metal carbonate is heated?

Calculate the mass of the Group 2 carbonate needed to produce 24 dm³ of gas. Use your answer from question 04.5 to help you.

A student heated different masses of a Group 2 carbonate. The student measured the volume of gas produced. Figure 11 shows a graph of the student’s results. The student calculates the gradient of the line in Figure 11 The student makes two mistakes.

Identify the two mistakes the student makes. Calculate the correct gradient of the line.

A student repeated the experiment with a different Group 2 metal carbonate (XCO₃). The relative formula mass (M_r) of XCO₃ is 84 Relative atomic masses (A_r): C = 12 O = 16 Calculate the relative atomic mass (A_r) of X. Name metal X. Use the periodic table.