Nina studies radiation and waves.
Which one statement about electromagnetic radiation is true ?
Tick (✓) one box.
[1]
A sound wave travelling through a copper wire has a wavelength of 15 m and a frequency of 248 Hz.
Calculate the wave speed of the sound wave through the copper wire.
Use the equation: wave speed = wavelength × frequency
Wave speed =........ m / s
[2]
Ben is investigating electric circuits.
Complete the table by filling in the blank spaces.
One has been done for you.
[2]
Ben wants to investigate the brightness of bulbs in series and parallel.
Draw a series circuit diagram with one bulb that Ben can use to start his investigation.
Use all of the circuit components from the table.
[2]
Describe how Ben can investigate if the brightness of the first bulb changes when a second bulb is added in parallel.
[2]
Ben compares the brightness of two bulbs in series, and two bulbs in parallel.
Alex says:
Why is it important for Ben to follow Alex’s advice?
[1]
[2]
Suggest one hazard associated with adding more bulbs in series to the circuit.
[1]
Suggest one way of making the experiment safer when more bulbs are added in series to the circuit.
[1]
The diagram shows a vertical wire passing through a horizontal piece of card.
There is a current flowing through the wire in the direction of the arrow.
Sundip plots the magnetic field around the current-carrying wire, on the card.
Describe the pattern and direction of the magnetic field.
Your description can be shown on the diagram.
[3]
Sundip places an iron pin on the card.
The iron pin experiences a magnetic force, which is caused by the magnetic field around the current-carrying wire.
How can Sundip increase the effect of the magnetic field on the pin?
Tick (✓) two boxes.
[2]
There are 2 types of waves.
Complete the sentences to describe each type of wave.
Waves on a rope are an example of........ waves.
Sound waves in air are an example of........ waves.
[2]
Mia and Eve are discussing waves on the surface of a lake.
Eve places a plastic duck on the surface of the lake to show that she is correct.
Describe the motion of the plastic duck.
[2]
Sound waves in air travel at a speed of approximately 340 m/s.
Mia and Eve do an experiment to measure the speed of sound waves in air.
They use the echo from a cliff to measure the distance travelled by the sound waves, and the time taken for the sound waves to travel that distance.
Describe how to take accurate measurements of the time taken and distance travelled, for the sound waves.
Include in your answer how the sound is produced, and any equipment needed.
[3]
How can they calculate the speed of sound waves in air from their measurements?
[1]
Kareem reads some information about isotopes. They are listed as symbols.
[1]
The most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12.
Define the term isotope.
[1]
Uranium-238 is an isotope and decays into thorium-234 by emitting an alpha particle. This process is called alpha decay.
How does the nucleus change when uranium-238 decays?
Tick (✓) one box in each row.
[2]
* Kareem is researching the effects of radiation.
In 1986, a nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded. A cloud of radioactive material spread over many countries. In the UK, radioactive rain fell on some hills, which caused the contamination of plants, which had the effect of contaminating the sheep who ate the plants. The sheep were then contaminated with caesium-137.
Currently in the UK, fish and shellfish may be irradiated with cobalt-60, to kill the bacteria that causes food poisoning. It also helps to make food last longer, and therefore reduce food
Explain why irradiated fish are safe to eat, but contaminated sheep are not.
Use the information in the table to support your answer.
[6]
Cranes can be used to safely lift and move elephants.
Complete the definition for the weight of an elephant.
Tick (✓) one box.
The weight of an elephant acts towards the centre of the Earth and is:
[1]
A 60 000 N elephant was lifted a height of 5 m.
Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the elephant.
Use the equation: gravitational potential energy = weight × height
[2]
The crane engine transferred 750 000 J lifting the elephant.
Calculate the efficiency of the crane engine.
Use your answer to part (b).
[2]
The crane engine transferred more energy than the energy needed to lift the elephant.
Describe what has happened to the energy that was not used to lift the elephant.
[1]
The table shows examples of objects interacting.
| Example of objects interacting | Type of force involved in the interaction |
| A balloon rubbed with a cloth sticks to a wall. | electrostatic |
| A compass needle points to the North pole. | ......................................................................... |
| A ball falls to the ground. | ......................................................................... |
Complete the table by filling in the blank spaces.
Use words from the list.
You can use each word once, more than once, or not at all.
electrostatic frictional gravitational magnetic
One has been done for you.
[1]
Use Fig. 7.1 to calculate the size of the driving force on the train.
[1]
The train is travelling at a constant speed.
Draw one vector on Fig. 7.1 to represent the friction forces on the train.
[2]
James jumps upwards through the air from the ground, and then falls back down through the air.
He does not fall through the ground when he lands.
Describe the interaction that stops James from falling through the ground when he lands.
[3]
Describe how the acceleration changed when the accelerating force changed.
[2]
In one situation, when there were no passengers, the driver changed the accelerating force again.
The new acceleration of the car was 2.5 m / s2.
Calculate the new accelerating force.
[3]
The car accelerated at 2.5 m / s2 for 9 s from stationary. After 9 s, the car was travelling at (ii) a constant speed.
Calculate the speed of the car after 9 s.
Use the equation: acceleration = change in speed ÷ time taken
Give your answer in km / h.
Speed =........ km / h
[4]
Jamal has a new television.
Fig. 9.1 shows the Sankey diagram for the energy transferred by the new television in one second.
Complete the Sankey diagram in Fig. 9.1.
[1]
Jamal wants to work out how long he watches television in one week.
He makes some measurements of the energy transferred by the television.
Calculate the time, in hours, that the television was used during the week.
Use the equation: energy transferred = power × time
[3]
The energy transferred electrically to the television is supplied by a nuclear power station.
Complete Fig. 9.2 to show the order of electricity generation in a nuclear power station.
Use words from the list.
You can use each word once, more than once, or not at all
[2]
Amir thinks about what happens, in terms of energy, when ice cream freezes.
Explain what is incorrect about Amir’s statement.
[2]
What is the correct equation to calculate density?
density = mass × volume density = 
density = 
[1]
A 90 cm3 scoop of ice cream has a mass of 66 g. (ii)
Calculate the density of the ice cream.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Density =........ g / cm3
[3]
The specific heat capacity of ice cream is 2740 J / kg °C.
Four students are trying to define specific heat capacity.
Which student has given the correct definition of specific heat capacity?
[1]
Amir wants to calculate the energy transferred to a 0.4 kg tub of melted ice cream as it warms up from 4 °C to room temperature, 20 °C.
He uses data from the table.
| Ice cream | |
| Specific heat capacity | 2740 J / kg °C |
| Specific latent heat of melting | 204 kJ / kg |
| Melting point | –6 °C |
What is the correct method to calculate the energy transferred?
Tick (✓) one box
[1]
Calculate the energy needed to change 0.4 kg of solid, frozen ice cream at –6 °C into 0.4 kg of liquid, melted ice cream at –6 °C.
Use data from the table.
Use the Data Sheet.
Give your answer in joules.
[3]
The diagram shows a rollercoaster ride.
A motor pulls the train to the top of the track, 50 m above the ground. The weight of the train is 9000 N.
Calculate the potential energy gained by the train as it moves from the ground to the top of the track.
Give your answer in standard form.
[4]
It takes 15 s for the train to travel to the top of the track.
Calculate the useful power output of the motor.
[3]
What is meant by the term power output when discussing the train motor used in the rollercoaster?
The power output of the motor is equivalent to the rate / time / voltage at which energy is
transferred electrically / mechanically / by heating from the elastic / chemical / kinetic
energy store of the motor to the potential energy store of the train and to the
atmospheric / chemical / thermal energy store of the surroundings.
[2]
Sarah is investigating two circuit components.
She changes the potential difference across each component and measures the current through each component.
The table shows her results for component A.
Complete the graph in Fig. 12.1 by plotting the remaining two points from the table.
[1]
Draw a line of best fit on the graph in Fig. 12.1.
[1]
Describe the relationship between current and potential difference for component A
[1]
Suggest what component A could be.
[1]
Calculate the resistance of component A when the potential difference across it is 2.0 V.
Use data from the graph in Fig. 12.1.
Use the equation: potential difference = current × resistance
Resistance =........ 
[4]
Describe what happens to the current as the potential difference changes for component B.
[1]
Suggest what component B can be used for in a circuit.
[1]
The paper as printed
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