Diamond, graphite, graphene & fullerenes

Which substance is made from rings of carbon atoms?

A Carbon monoxide

B Copper carbonate

C Graphene

D Poly(ethene)

This question is about diamond and graphite.

The diagram shows the structure of diamond.

Which element is diamond made from?

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that each atom in diamond can form?

The atoms in diamond have a diameter of 0.000000000154 m.

What is the diameter of the atoms in standard form?

Tick (✓) one box.

The properties of diamond can be explained in terms of its structure and bonding.

Draw lines to connect each property with its correct explanation.

Diamond and graphite are different forms of the same element.

The diagrams show the structures of diamond and graphite.

Describe and explain one property of graphite that is different from diamond.

Describe and explain one property that is similar for both diamond and graphite.

A student thinks that the models used to represent diamond and graphite have limitations.

Give one reason why they are correct.

Fullerenes are allotropes of carbon that have many uses.

Fig. 15.1 shows a molecule of a fullerene.

Fig. 15.1

Which group of allotropes contain this fullerene?

Tick one (✓) box.

The carbon atoms in fullerenes are joined by covalent bonds.

Explain how two atoms of carbon form a covalent bond.

How many covalent bonds does one atom of carbon form in a molecule of fullerene, as shown in Fig. 15.1 ?

The model used to show the molecule of fullerene in Fig. 15.1 has limitations.

The table shows some statements about the model.

Which statements about this model are true, and which are false ?

Tick (✓) one box in each row.

Fullerenes can be used as lubricants. Lubricants reduce the friction between moving parts.

Fig. 15.2 shows a lubricant being sprayed onto the chain of a motorbike.

Fig. 15.2

Explain why fullerenes can be used as lubricants.

Use ideas about the structure and bonding of the fullerene shown in Fig. 15.1 in your answer.

A lubricant may need to be used at high temperatures.

Explain why fullerenes can be used at high temperatures.

Use ideas about the structure and bonding of the fullerene shown in Fig. 15.1 in your answer.

Fullerenes are allotropes of carbon that have many uses.

Fig. 11.1 shows a molecule of a fullerene.

Fig. 11.1

Which group of allotropes contain this fullerene?

Tick one (✓) box.

The carbon atoms in fullerenes are joined by covalent bonds.

Explain how two atoms of carbon form a covalent bond.

How many covalent bonds does one atom of carbon form in a molecule of fullerene, as shown in Fig. 11.1 ?

The model used to show the molecule of fullerene in Fig. 11.1 has limitations.

The table shows some statements about the model.

Which statements about this model are true, and which are false ?

Tick one (✓) box in each row.

Fullerenes can be used as lubricants. Lubricants reduce the friction between moving parts.

Fig. 11.2 shows a lubricant being sprayed onto the chain of a motorbike.

Fig. 11.2

Explain why fullerenes can be used as lubricants.

Use ideas about the structure and bonding of the fullerene shown in Fig. 11.1 in your answer.

A lubricant may need to be used at high temperatures.

Explain why fullerenes can be used at high temperatures.

Use ideas about the structure and bonding of the fullerene shown in Fig. 11.1 in your answer.

The diagrams show two different macromolecules.

Which element are these macromolecules made from?

A Carbon

B Hydrogen

C Oxygen

D Silicon