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Edexcel GCSE Geography

Topic questions The changing economic world Rapid economic development in an LIC or NEE

Rapid economic development in an LIC or NEE

7 questions · 218 marks · about 3.5 hours

Rapid economic development in an LIC or NEE questions

TopicRapid economic development in an LIC or NEE

Edexcel 1GA0 Rapid economic development in an LIC or NEE 7 questions

Paper 2: The Human Environment June 2025, Question 2 34 marks

(a)

Identify one economic activity in the quaternary sector.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)
(b)

Describe one index used to measure political corruption.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)
(c)

Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet.

(c)(i)

Calculate the median value for GDP per capita shown in Figure 2a.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

Suggest two ways that physical factors might have contributed towards Uganda’s GDP per capita shown in Figure 2a.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(ii)
(d)

Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet.

(d)(i)

Identify one advantage of the project shown in Figure 2b.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(i)
(d)(ii)

Cambodia has a population of 17 million people.

Calculate the percentage of Cambodia’s population that have been provided with clean water by this project since 2006.

Write your answer to two decimal places.

You must show your working in the space below.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(ii)
(d)(iii)

Suggest one way this project has improved quality of life.

[3]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(iii)
(d)(iv)

State one possible limitation of the project shown in Figure 2b.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(iv)
(e)

Explain two ways transnational corporations (TNCs) can raise the level of development in a country.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)
(f)

Study Figure 2c in the Resource Booklet.

(f)(i)

Identify one country with a decrease in life expectancy.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(f)(i)
(f)(ii)

Calculate the percentage increase in Egypt’s life expectancy between 1990 and 2023.

Write your answer to the nearest whole number.

You must show your working in the space below.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(f)(ii)
(g)

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

You have studied the uneven development within a named developing/emerging country.

Assess the importance of the different reasons that have led to the growth of a ‘core’ region and less developed regions on the ‘periphery’.

Named developing/emerging country

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

[12]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(g)

Paper 2: The Human Environment June 2024, Question 2 34 marks

(a)

Identify one economic activity that is in the primary sector.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)
(b)
Figure for question 2
(b)(i)

Complete Figure 2a by plotting the data in the table below.

CountryBirth rate (per 1000/year)GNI per capita (US$)
Sweden1258,000
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(i)
(b)(ii)

State the GNI per capita of Spain shown on Figure 2a.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(ii)
(b)(iii)

Compare the GNI per capita for the UK and Brazil shown in Figure 2a.

Use data in your answer.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(iii)
(b)(iv)

Calculate the mean birth rate for the countries with a GNI per capita between 40,000 and 50,000 US$.

Write your answer to the nearest whole number.

You must show your working in the space below.

........ per 1000 per year

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(iv)
(c)

Explain one way a lack of food security can limit a country’s rate of development.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)
(d)

Explain two historical factors that have led to global variations in the level of development.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)
(e)

The A35 Redbridge Causeway project is an example of a top-down development project in the UK.

Study Figures 2b and 2c in the Resource Booklet.

(e)(i)

Identify the grid square where the nature reserve is located on Figure 2b.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(i)
(e)(ii)

Identify the six-figure grid reference for the civic centre in Totton.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(ii)
(e)(iii)

Identify the straight-line distance from the school (Sch) at 356141 to the school (Sch) at 385152.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(iii)
(e)(iv)

Suggest one disadvantage of the A35 Redbridge Causeway project.

Use evidence from Figure 2c in your answer.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(iv)
(e)(v)

Suggest two advantages of the A35 Redbridge Causeway project.

Use evidence from Figure 2c in your answer.

Advantage 1

Advantage 2

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(v)
(f)

In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology.

Evaluate whether, in a named developing or emerging country, the positive impacts of rapid development outweigh the negative impacts.

Named developing or emerging country

(Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks)

[12]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(f)

Paper 2: The Human Environment June 2023, Question 2 30 marks

International trade has influenced the development of many developing and emerging countries, such as Guyana.

(a)

Study Figure 2a and Figure 2b below.

Figure for question 2

Countries that provided Guyana’s imports (goods coming into Guyana) in 2019

Figure for question 2

Countries where Guyana sold its exports (goods leaving Guyana) in 2019

(a)(i)

Label Figure 2a, by using the information in the table below, to complete the pie chart.

Country sending importsPercentage (%) of Guyana’s imports
Singapore17
UK6
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

Calculate the total percentage of Guyana’s imports that came from Liberia and the USA.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)

Name the country that received the largest percentage of Guyana’s exports.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iii)
(a)(iv)

State two ways that international trade may help a country to develop.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iv)
(b)

Explain one way a geopolitical relationship has affected the development of a named developing or emerging country.

Named country

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)
(c)

Explain two physical factors that have led to some countries having a high level of development.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)
(d)

Study Figure 2c in the Resource Booklet.

(d)(i)

Calculate the mean life expectancy for the countries shown on Figure 2c.

Write your answer to one decimal place.

You must show your working in the space below.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(i)
(d)(ii)

Describe the relationship between GNI per capita and life expectancy shown in Figure 2c.

[3]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(ii)
(d)(iii)

Identify two reasons why life expectancy has increased in some countries over the last 30 years.

Question 2, shown as an image
[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(iii)
(d)(iv)

Figure 2c includes two measures used to calculate the Human Development Index (HDI) for a country.

State one other measure used in the calculation of the HDI.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(iv)
(e)

Explain one way that investment by transnational corporations (TNCs) has increased the development of some developing and emerging countries.

[3]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)
(f)

Assess the importance of historical and economic factors in the development of countries.

[8]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(f)

Paper 2: The Human Environment June 2022, Question 2 30 marks

Also involves Presenting fieldwork data

The level of development of a country can be measured in different ways, for example by using the Human Development Index (HDI).

(a)

Study Figure 2a below.

Life expectancy

Figure for question 2
Question 2, shown as an image

Life expectancy and expected years of schooling for selected developing and emerging countries in 2018

(a)(i)

Complete Figure 2a by plotting the data in the table below.

CountryLife expectancy at birth (years)Expected years of schooling
Sierra Leone539.8
Brazil7615.0
[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

Draw a best fit line on Figure 2a.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)

Describe the relationship shown in Figure 2a.

Use data in your answer.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iii)
(a)(iv)

Suggest two reasons for the differences in life expectancy shown in Figure 2a.

Use data in your answer.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iv)
(a)(v)

Figure 2a shows two measures used in the calculation of the HDI.

Identify one other measure used to calculate the HDI.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(v)
(b)

Explain one historical factor that has led to variations in levels of development within the UK.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)
(c)

Changes have been taking place in the economic sectors of developing and emerging countries.

Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet.

(c)(i)

Identify the economic sector shown in Figure 2b.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

The growth of this economic sector has increased the average earnings of the people in India.

State one other possible positive impact of the growth of this sector for people in India.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(ii)
(c)(iii)

The starting salary for the workers in Figure 2b is 260,000 Indian Rupees per

Figure for question 2

Calculate the starting salary for these workers in British Pounds (£).

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(iii)
(d)

Describe how one geopolitical relationship has affected the development of a named developing country or emerging country.

Named developing or emerging country

[3]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)
(e)

Explain two negative environmental impacts of rapid development.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)
(f)

You have studied development in either a developing country or an emerging country.

Assess the importance of different factors that have led to uneven development within this country.

Named country

[8]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(f)

Paper 2: The Human Environment November 2021, Question 2 30 marks

The level of development of a country can be measured in different ways.

(a)

Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet.

(a)(i)

Identify the country with the highest life expectancy in 2016.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

Identify the country with the lowest life expectancy in 1960.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)

Describe the change in Kuwait’s life expectancy shown in Figure 2a.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iii)
(a)(iv)

The life expectancy in India increased from 41 years in 1960 to 69 years in 2016.

Calculate the percentage increase in India’s life expectancy between 1960 and 2016.

You must show your working in the space below.

Write your answer to one decimal place.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iv)
(a)(v)

Explain two reasons why life expectancy has increased in some emerging and developing countries.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(v)
(b)

Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet.

(b)(i)

Identify which two statements are likely to be true.

Question 2, shown as an image
[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(i)
(b)(ii)

HDI includes measures of life expectancy, gross national income per capita and mean years of schooling.

Describe one other way in which development could be measured.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(ii)
(c)

You have studied development in a named developing country or emerging country.

(c)(i)

State two features of this country’s location in the world.

Named developing or emerging country........

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

Explain one negative impact of rapid development on the environment in a named developing country or emerging country.

Named developing or emerging country........

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(ii)
(c)(iii)

Explain two ways in which private investment by transnational corporations (TNCs) and smaller businesses has improved the development in a named developing country or emerging country.

Named developing or emerging country........

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)(iii)
(d)

You have studied development in either a developing country or in an emerging country.

Evaluate how successful international aid has been in increasing the level of development in this country.

Named developing or emerging country........

[8]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)

Paper 2: The Human Environment November 2020, Question 2 30 marks

The level of development varies around the world due to a combination of factors.

(a)

Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet.

(a)(i)

Identify the country with the highest HDI score in 2015.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

Describe the trend of Zimbabwe’s HDI score between 1990 and 2015.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)

Suggest two reasons for the change in Cuba’s HDI score between 1990 and 2010.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iii)
(a)(iv)

State two limitations of just using Figure 2a to investigate changes in global HDI scores over time.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)(iv)
(b)

There have been changes in the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy in many developing and emerging countries.

(b)(i)

Identify two economic activities that are in the tertiary sector.

Question 2, shown as an image
[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(i)
(b)(ii)

Study Figure 2b below.

Figure for question 2

Seychelles Kenya Morocco

Figure for question 2

Percentage (%) contribution of different economic sectors to total GDP for selected developing and emerging countries, 2017

Plot the data below for The Gambia on Figure 2b.

Economic sectorPercentage (%) of The Gambia’s total GDP
Primary20
Secondary15
Tertiary and quaternary65
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(ii)
(b)(iii)

State two possible reasons why the contribution of the primary sector is very high in Kenya.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(iii)
(b)(iv)

There has been a large increase in the tertiary sector in the Seychelles since 1971.

Suggest one positive impact of this increase in the tertiary sector.

[3]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(iv)
(c)

Study Figure 2c in the Resource Booklet.

Calculate the increase in estimated mobile broadband connections between 2017 and 2022.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)
(d)

Explain one negative social impact and one negative economic impact of rapid development.

Social

Economic

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)
(e)

Assess the impacts of different international strategies that attempt to reduce uneven global development.

[8]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)

Paper 2: The Human Environment June 2018, Question 2 30 marks

Levels of development are different around the world due to a combination of physical and human factors.

(a)

Name one indicator used in the calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI).

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(a)
(b)

Study Figure 2a in the Resource Booklet.

(b)(i)

Identify one country labelled on Figure 2a with a medium HDI.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(i)
(b)(ii)

Identify the continent on Figure 2a that has the highest number of countries with a very high HDI.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(ii)
(b)(iii)

State two disadvantages of the method of presentation shown on Figure 2a.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(b)(iii)
(c)

State one physical factor that has led to variations in the level of development across the UK.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(c)
(d)

Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet.

(d)(i)

Identify the two countries with the highest GDP per capita.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(i)
(d)(ii)

Calculate the median GDP per capita for the countries shown on Figure 2b.

[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(ii)
(d)(iii)

Explain two reasons why GDP per capita is often lower in the periphery regions of a country.

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(d)(iii)
(e)

Changes in population structure over the last 30 years have influenced the development of developing and emerging countries.

Study Figure 2c below.

Figure for question 2

7.5% 5% 2.5% 0 2.5% 5% 7.5%

Figure for question 2
Question 2, shown as an image

Population pyramids for Ghana, a developing country, 1986 and 2016

(e)(i)

Plot the data below to complete the 2016 population pyramid on Figure 2c.

Age group (female)Percentage (%) population
0–47.5
15-195.0
35-392.5
[3]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(i)
(e)(ii)

Identify the total percentage of 5-9 year olds in 1986.

Question 2, shown as an image
[1]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(ii)
(e)(iii)

State two possible reasons for the decrease in the 0–4 age group shown on Figure 2c.

[2]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(e)(iii)
(f)

Explain two ways geopolitical relationships have affected the development of either a named developing or emerging country.

Named developing or emerging country........

[4]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(f)
(g)

Assess the positive and negative impacts of rapid development on either a named developing or emerging country.

Named developing or emerging country........

[8]
Reveal mark scheme Mark scheme for question 2(g)

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